ability to "read" the map - a very interesting and useful exercise.Today, when with the help of innovative technologies can virtually visit any corner of the world, possession of such skills is very rare.The geographical breadth of study in the school curriculum, but without the constant practice to consolidate theoretical knowledge can not be obtained in the general education courses.Mapping skills are developed not only spatial thinking and imagination, but also an essential basis for many complex disciplines.Those who wish to acquire a profession navigator, surveyor, architect and military just need to know the basic principles of work with maps and plans.Determination of latitude - mandatory skills required to own real lover of travel and a learned man.
Globe
Before turning to the algorithm for determining the geographic variables, you need to become more closely acquainted with the globe and map.Because that's what they have and practice their skills.Globe - is a smaller model of our Earth, which shows its surface.The author of the very first model considered M. Behaim - creator of the famous "Earth apples" in the 15th century.The history of the development of the knowledge map has information about other famous globes.
- Multi.This interactive model - a modern invention that allows you to "go" anywhere in the world without spending a lot of time and effort!
- heaven.This globe shows the location of the cosmic light - mirror.After all, when we admire the beautiful night sky, we are "inside" the dome, and the globe are forced to look outside!
- One of the collectors - Sh.Missine - kept Globe North America carved from ostrich eggs.This is one of the earliest maps of the continent.
On the globe can accurately determine latitude, because in it the least distortion.But for greater reliability necessary to use special flexible line.
Maps
Globe is not very convenient to take with you on a journey, moreover, it becomes useless, the smaller the size of him.And over time, people began to use the card.It is, of course, has more errors as a sheet of paper is very difficult to reliably depict the convex shape of the Earth, but more convenient and easy to use.Maps are several classifications, but we will focus on their differences in scope, since it is the acquisition of skills to identify the coordinates.
- Global.So called scale drawings (M) 1: 100 000 to 1:10 000. If the card has a 1: 5000 and larger, it is already called up.Medium-
- .So called drawings earth's surface, which have a MW of from 1: 1 000 000 and 1: 200 000.
- Small scale.It drawings 1: 1 000 000 or less, for example - MM 1: 2 000 000 1:50 000 000 and others.
on large-scale map is most easily defined geographical latitude because the image is applied to it in more detail.This occurs because the degree grid lines are arranged at a short distance.
Geographic Latitude
so called zero angle between the parallel and vertical line at a given point.The resulting value can only be in the range of 90 degrees.It is important to remember that our Earth Equator divides the southern and northern hemisphere.Therefore, the latitude of the earth points, which are arranged above the long parallel to the north and below - the south.How to determine the latitude of an object?It is necessary to look closely at what it is parallel.If it is not defined, then you must figure out what is the distance between adjacent lines and determine the degree of desired parallel.
Longitude
This is the angle between the plane of the meridian of a particular point of the Earth and the prime meridian, which is called Greenwich.All objects in the right of it, considered east, and to the left - the western.Longitude shows in what meridian is the desired object.If the defined point is not indicated on the map on the meridian, then we do the same, as in the case of determining the correct parallel.
geographical address
It is available from any object on Earth.The intersection of latitude and longitude on a map or globe called the grid (degree), and on which the coordinates of the desired point.Knowing them, it is possible not only to determine the place where the object is located, but also to relate his situation with others.Owning The geographical address of a particular point, it is possible to properly apply the border areas in the contour maps.
five major latitudes
on any map outlines key parallels that make it easier to determine the coordinates.Areas that are between the major latitudinal lines, depending on the location, may be included in the following areas: the Arctic, the tropics, equatorial and temperate.
- Equator - is the longest parallel.The length of the lines located above or below it, become smaller towards the poles.What is the latitude of the equator?It is 0 degrees, as it is considered the starting point of parallels north and south.Areas that are located away from the equator to the tropics, called the equatorial regions.
- North Tropic - the main parallel, which is always celebrated on the world map of the Earth.It is located at 23 degrees 26 minutes 16 seconds north of the equator.Another name for this parallel - Tropic of Cancer.
- Tropic of Capricorn - parallel, which is located at 23 degrees 26 minutes and 16 seconds south of the equator.It also has a second name - Tropic of Capricorn.Areas that are located between the lines and the equator, called the tropical regions.
- Arctic Circle is located above the equator at 66 degrees 33 minutes and 44 seconds.It limits the territory for which increases during the night, closer to the pole, it is 40 days.
- Antarctic Circle.Its latitude is equal to 66 degrees, 33 minutes and 44 seconds.This parallel is also the border, beyond which there are such phenomena as the polar night and day.Areas that are located between the lines and the tropics, called temperate regions, and behind them - polar.
