Temperament as a psycho-physiological characteristics, is the subject of study of various sciences, but more detail is seen in the psychology of temperament.Socio-psychological understanding it implies a relatively stable set of personality characteristics that are not directly linked with its informative aspect, and with dynamic.That, in fact, explains the subject matter of temperament belongs to psychology.Nevertheless, temperament in psychology, sociology, and even in the sciences such as political science, history, and some others, in some cases, seen as the basis of the functional nature of the individual.If you treat it solely as a dynamic response, ie from a physiological point of view, this phenomenon is a special type of higher nervous activity of the individual.
There are several versions of the origin of the interpretation of this concept and its subsequent review in science.According to one, the temperament of both scientific knowledge emerged on the basis of the Hellenistic doctrine of numbers, whose origins lie in ancient Pythagorean.That's where we find the idea of the four temperaments that distinguished European tradition of interpretation of temperament from the east, which are five types.The word is translated from Latin as "moderate."But this translation has some default value, because under the "moderate" refers to a kind of steady state joined into a whole part.First used this term Hippocrates, explaining to them the fact of domination in the man, "one of life's juices."He gave each of the types of conventional color value, thus showing that in every color lies its specific psychology of temperament.Such an approach and interpretation largely preserved to this day.
key point in the study of types of temperament, became the scientific work and the teachings of Pavlov.In his concept of the types of the nervous system the great Russian scientist argued that the psychology of temperament should be analyzed as an indicator of both the higher nervous activity is the relationship between the various properties of the nervous system.And on the basis of factual data, Pavlov allocated 4 genotype temperament corresponding to the 4 th type of nervous system:
- weak, characterized by melancholic and is characterized by low rates of both excitatory and inhibitory processes;
- strong unbalanced (choleric) - both types of processes are active;
- strong, balanced (sanguine) - high levels of excitation, and moderate - braking;
- strong inert-balanced - phlegmatic temperament of the psychological examination, characterized by the dominance of the excitatory inhibitory processes.
description of the types of temperaments helps describe the human characters, especially if the individual properties of temperament are expressed clearly.However, generally, it does not happen frequently, mostly individual - this carrier features that belong to different types temperaments.That is why, as the temperament of psychology deals with their relationship and gives us an idea of the dominant style.
assumed that:
Phlegmatic is usually slow, imperturbable, emotionally stable work - an indispensable worker who quietly and efficiently doing business entrusted to him.
Choleric - a "quick" man, he impetuous, hot.Often, his behavior is completely irrational character.Typically, the choleric is quickly exhausted and emotional energy they are "cool".
Sanguine mobile, active, but unlike the choleric, his actions are rational and meaningful.It can be hot-tempered, but quickly finds the resources for calm, very productive, and, as a rule, is creative in their work.
Melancholy is very vulnerable and impressionable people.He did not just close all takes to heart, his perception is often painful.Melancholic so impressionable that sometimes you have to experience it to soothe strong-willed efforts.
In general, from the standpoint of psychology, the selection of four types of temperament - just one of the classifications used.Moreover, it should take into account the subjectivity that is present today in psychological science in describing the types of temperament.
