Already in the past, 2014, the literary world celebrated the 200th anniversary of the great Russian poet and writer - Mikhail Lermontov.It is certainly an iconic figure in Russian literature.Its rich creativity, created for a short life, had considerable influence on other famous Russian poets and writers as the nineteenth and twentieth century.Here we consider the main motives in the works of Lermontov, as well as the originality of the lyrics say the poet.
On the origin and kind of education of the poet Lermontov
Before we proceed to the consideration of Mikhail Yurevich, you need to write a few sentences about where did in Russia in the early nineteenth century, the poet with the unusual name of the then Russian ear.So, in all likelihood, Lermontov ancestors came from Scotland and were the beginning from Thomas the Rhymer, the legendary Celtic bard who lived in Scotland in the XIII century.Looking ahead, we point out one interesting detail: the great English poet George Byron, so dear Lermontov also considered themselves the descendants of Thomas the Rhymer, due to the fact that one of the ancestors of Byron was married to a woman from a sort of Lermontov.So, one of the representatives of this family in the early 17th century, was taken into Russian captivity, entered military service, he adopted Orthodoxy and became the founder of Russian surname Lermontov.However, it is worth noting that the very Mikhail associating his name at first with Francisco Gomez Lerma, Spanish statesman of the 16th century.This is reflected in written Lermontov drama "Spaniards".But his Scottish roots poet dedicated lines from the poem "Desire".Lermontov's childhood passed in the estate Tarkhany Penza province.So basically brought up by his grandmother, Elizabeth A. Arsenyev, madly fond of her grandson.Little Misha did not differ good health and ill scrofula.Because of his poor health and the disease Misha could not spend his childhood as he performed many of his peers, and therefore the main "toy" for him was his own imagination.But none of the others and relatives did not even notice any internal state of the poet nor his dreams and walks on "his own, other worlds."That's when Mike and I felt in myself the very lonely, morose and - from other people - a lack of understanding that will accompany him throughout the rest of his life.
Literary Heritage Lermontov
creative way Lermontov, like his life, was very short, but very productive.All his conscious literary activity - from the very first samples of student writing pen to the top of his prose, the novel "A Hero of Our Time" - lasted a little more than twelve years.During this time the poet Lermontov managed to write four hundred poems, poems about thirty and six dramas and writer Lermontov - and even three novels.All creative writer researchers usually divided into two periods: the early and mature.The boundary between these periods is usually the second half of 1835 and the first half of 1836.But let's keep in mind that throughout his career Lermontov remained faithful to his ideas, literature and life principles he developed even at the initial stage of him as a poet, as a person.A decisive role in the creative development Lermontov played two great poet Pushkin and Byron.Byron's poetry is characteristic of the attraction to the romantic individualism, to the image of the deepest passions of the soul, to the lyrical expression to the type of character that is in conflict with others, and sometimes the whole of society, manifested most clearly in the early lyric poet.But the influence of Byron on his creative poet Lermontov yet overcome, what he wrote in his poem "No, I am not Byron, I have another ...", while Pushkin was and remained for him the same literary guide throughoutlife.And if one is directly imitated to Pushkin, Lermontov, already in the mature period of his work, he began to develop a series of Pushkin's ideas and traditions, sometimes like to join with him in a kind of creative debate.In his work later Lermontov, we see completely disillusioned with life, he was no longer to represent his inner world as something exclusive, but on the contrary, is beginning to shift to the ordinary senses.However, to resolve their age-old question, tormented his soul from his youth, he was never able to.Or did not.
Lyric Lermontov Lermontov
Creativity is impossible to imagine without his lyrics.All of us have read his poems.MY LyricsLermontov's largely autobiographical: it is based on genuine spiritual experiences of the poet caused the events of personal life and torments.However, it should be noted that this is not just an autobiography of the real life of the poet, and the most that neither is literary, that is creatively transfigured and interpreted by Lermontov through the prism of his perception of the world and himself.Subjects poems Lermontov unusually wide.The main motives lyric Lermontov - philosophical, patriotic, love, religious.He wrote about friendship, about nature, about the search for meaning in life.And when you read these verses, then involuntarily amazing feeling - the feeling of bright deep sorrow and grief ... But what is light - that feeling!And now we have a closer look at these motives and show what all the same originality of the lyrics Lermontov.
loneliness and the search for meaning in life
Lyrics Lermontov, his poems, especially early, almost all imbued with the sad experience of loneliness.The very first poems show a mood of denial and depression.Although quite quickly these sentiments, which represented the lyrical poet himself visible, change the open monologue, but there we are talking already about the people who do not care about talent and the inner world of the human soul.In "Monologue" Lermontov says is not of man, but of the people, that is, in fact, the personal "I" gives a broader "we".So there is an image of an empty generation spoiled this world.The image of "the cup of life" very common for the "early" Lermontov;it reaches its climax in the eponymous poem "The Cup of Life."And not for nothing that the poet spoke of himself as a man suffering forever.The image of the eternal wanderer and gives the key clue to the entire poem "Clouds", as described by the fate of the poet becomes a rapprochement with the clouds, and the fate of the poet.Like most Lermontov, clouds have to leave their native land.But the trick is that these same clouds nobody drives, they become strangers on their own.This juxtaposition of the two ideologies, that is freedom, relieve man from his affections, of love from other people - denied.Yes, I am free of the sufferings and persecutions, and my choice, but I am not free because I suffer because not forgotten their own ideals, principles and Homeland.
politichekiy motives in the works of Lermontov
Lyric Lermontov poem - a testament to the poet's descendants.And he bequeathed to serve the best human ideals, put them into eternal works of art.Many of the poem Lermontov entered the hearts of compatriots was in the days of national mourning Russian, for example, in the days of the death of Pushkin's genius, as the country mourned, having lost his best poet.The author of the poem "On the death of the poet" shocked friends of Pushkin and led to confusion its enemies, thereby causing the latter hatred.Enemies Pushkin poetic genius, and become enemies of Lermontov.And this struggle of Russian poetry with their enemies, the oppressors and suppressors beloved homeland has continued efforts Lermontov.And no matter how hard the struggle may be, victory still left for the Russian literature - one of the greatest of world literature.Before Lermontov was virtually no occasion to the poet so simply "throwing" in the face of government verses so strong and outspoken, they immediately caused a certain resonance in the community: the excitement and anxiety.Such was Lermontov's poem "On the death of the poet" and a few others.The poem that sounded not only voice the anger and sorrow, but above all - retribution.In it reflected the tragedy of good thinking person in Russia in the first half of the nineteenth century.
theme of love in the lyrics Lermontov
originality of the lyrics Lermontov emphasized in his poems about love.In love lyrics Lermontov is almost always sounds sad, penetrating the entire verse.In the early period of the poet in his love lyrics we can hardly find a bright, joyful emotions.And that makes it different from Pushkin.In Lermontov's poems of the early period we are talking primarily about unrequited love, about women's infidelities, when a woman can not appreciate the sublime feelings of the poet, his friend.However, in verse Lermontov often finds the strength on the basis of their own moral principles, refuse to personal happiness and ambitions for the sake of the woman he loves.Tunic, outlined in Lermontov's poem, serious and charming.Even in the smallest size love poem poet put all your heart, all your senses to the beloved.This poem, which, no doubt, were born and have been caused solely by love.Love objective, Christian, "right", not selfish, despite strong disappointment expressed in caustic rhymed lines.However, Lermontov was melancholy, he was a tragic poet ... Although he was extremely picky about the people and life, looking at everything from the height of the undisputed genius talent.But every year the poet's belief in friendship and love only grew stronger.He was looking for and even found what could be called "soulmate."In the late poet's lyrics becoming less possible to meet the theme of unrequited, love, lonely, Mikhail increasingly began to write about the possibility and necessity of understanding between like-minded people;increasingly he writes about devotion and loyalty.MY Love lyricsLermontov recent years almost free of hopeless mental anguish that tormented the poet so often before.He became a friend.To love and to be friends, he considered "late" Lermontov, then - much to good to his neighbor, to forgive all the little resentment.
philosophical poems of the poet
philosophical motifs in the lyrics Lermontov, like all his work, on perception and emotions are mostly tragic.But it is in any case not the fault of the poet, but simply because he has seen the world, his life filled with injustice and suffering.He is constantly looking for, but almost always finds harmony in life and output for their passions.Riots and passionate poet's heart constantly seeks the will of his life that "prison."In our unjust world, according to Lermontov philosophical lyrics, they can get along just evil, indifference, inaction, opportunism.All these topics Lermontov concern especially in the already mentioned contact poem "Monologue".There we see his heavy, bitter thoughts about his own destiny, his destiny and the meaning of life, of the soul.Philosophical motives in the lyrics Lermontov subordinated the idea that the poet in this world is so necessary to his soul of this freedom, sincerity of feelings, genuine storms and disturbances in the hearts and souls of others, and finds instead of those storms indifference.Lermontov, talking about their lives, dominated indelible eternal longing, seeks to imitate the blue wave rolling noisily its waters, the white sail racing into the distance in search of storms and passions.But it does not find any of this in their native land or in a foreign land.Mikhail ironically conscious of the tragic transience of all earthly life.Man lives and looking for happiness, but dies without having found it on the ground.But in some verses, we see that Lermontov does not believe in happiness after death, in the afterlife, in which he, as an Orthodox Christian, certainly believed.Because many of his philosophical poems, we can easily find a skeptical line.For Lermontov's life - is a constant struggle, a continuous confrontation between two principles, the pursuit of goodness and light of God.Literary quintessence of his conception of the world and of man is one of the most famous poems - "Sail".
Prayer as a special genre in the poetry of Lermontov
Consider another layer stitvoreny poet.The theme of prayer in the lyrics Lermontov plays a significant, if not more, role.Consider the details.Prayer in the lyrics Lermontov, perhaps, might even have mistaken and a special kind of "genre".We brought up in Orthodoxy Mikhail Yurevich has several poems which are called "Prayer".By category seems to them a poem, "Thanks."However, the attitude of the poet to God is contradictory.Prayer as a genre in the lyrics Lermontov constantly evolving.From 1829 to 1832 Lermontov's "prayers" are built, it can be said of a certain, familiar to all of the principles, and the lyric "I" really appeals to God and ask him for protection and assistance, dating back to the faith with hope and sympathy.But if you take a later period, we can observe in prayer verses of the poet has some resistance to the will of the Almighty, backed by irony, insolence and sometimes asking for death.It is, incidentally, can be seen partly in the early poems, at least in the "Do not blame me ... the Almighty."This turn in the lyrics may be associated with violent and rebellious nature of Lermontov, differences in his behavior and mood, as they say, and acquaintances of the poet, and biographers.Maybe no one else - neither before nor after Lermontov - if studying Russian poetry we find such a "prayer" of poetry, like Mikhail, but very importantly, the prayer as a genre in the lyrics Lermontov almost certainly has characterof a sacrament.The most striking poem "Do not blame me, Gd ...", where the poet most thoroughly and accurately describes their personality that is born creative.But he wrote it in 15 years.The feeling and awareness of the poet of his gift so precise and clear in the bright verse, and word of God is so sincere and original, even inexperienced reader feels is right.Lermontov exposes the inconsistency of his soul, and of human nature in general.On the one hand it is firmly chained to the earth's gloom and suffering, and on the other hand, it seeks to understand God and the higher cherished values.Prayer as a genre in the lyrics Lermontov often begins a kind of penance appeal to the Almighty, who may blame and punish.But at the same time repentance in verse stanzas said reader also feels like slipping and prohibited any prayer notes excuse himself.The rapid change of state is present inside the "I" of man, the opposition to the will of God, and from this confrontation, repentance and grumbling is growing anxiety, disturbed relationship between man and God.Prayer as a genre in the lyrics Lermontov this poem, where a request for forgiveness is usually muted excuse his impetuous passions and actions.
Lyric Lermontov in the school curriculum
Nowadays lyrics Lermontov actively exploring for mandatory program in literature classes, beginning and ending with junior graduating class.We study primarily verses that clearly traces the main motives lyric Lermontov.Students in elementary school become familiar with the work of Lermontov, and only in high school studied the "adult" lyrics Lermontov (Grade 10).Tenth is not just studying some of his poems, and define the basic motives of Lermontov's poetry in general, learn to understand the poetic texts.
Prose MULermontov
And Lermontov's prose installation on self-analysis found a fruitful incarnation, where it was transformed into a generalized experience of creating a psychological portrait of the "hero of his time", incorporates features of an entire generation, and at the same time is stored as its own individual person and extraordinariness own nature.Lermontov's prose grows on the basis of romantic, but romantic principles it is functionally changed and reassigned to tasks of realistic writing.
Creativity Lermontov - it's a great value for everyone.Thanks to him, all of us think about philosophical problems presented in the novels and dramas.And Lermontov's poem, at least one or two, knows by heart, probably, everyone.
