Fires pose increased danger for the ecosystem as a whole, and for every living organism living in it.Currently distinguish many kinds of uncontrolled fires.For example, man-made, field, forest, peat, steppe fires in buildings and on various vehicles.This article will look at some of the above groups.
Steppe fires
Such fires are the occurrence of one or more lesions, which are fairly rapidly spreading to large areas.Such natural catastrophes have a high proliferation rate, reaching a certain point of 30 km / h.This factor caused a lot of dry vegetation, mature grasses and other flammable materials.Typically, wildfires represent a great danger not only for people but also for livestock.The fire that rises from all sides, has a strong psychological pressure.Thus could trigger mass panic, which often leads to many casualties.
main causes of fires
As mentioned earlier, even a small heat source can be in a relatively short period of time lead to disaster.Consequently, these natural disasters should be eliminated as quickly as possible to minimize the amount of possible damage.However, before you learn the algorithm of actions to extinguish fire detection, it is necessary to find out the main causes of fires.As a rule, often the fire in the wilderness or a forest may be the result of careless human action.For example, it may be unquenched cigarette left unattended campfire, children's pranks and other anthropogenic factors.In addition, forest and grassland fires can occur as a result of atmospheric phenomena such as lightning.However, it should not be excluded from the list and the next factor.Steppe and peat fires can occur due to spontaneous combustion of dead wood in the hot summer season.
Features extinguishing
steppe fires have several important, but unfortunately, the negative features.One of them can be considered short-termism processes.The time factor plays a huge role, because, as mentioned earlier, the rate of spread of wildfires is large enough.This means that from the time of detection of a fire and to take any measures to extinguish should be spent minimal time.This special position in such events takes the direct organization and preparation means to eliminate fire.
Allowance for confounding factors
In the event of such emergencies, it is important to consider not only the ways of extinguishing wildfires, but also all kinds of aids.For example, the location should be considered the source of fire.Knowing the terrain, can be effectively used to prevent further spread of fire.As these barriers can be different borders, firebreaks and roads.In addition, it is necessary to take into account the degree of flammability of different materials surrounding the source of fire.
Main stages
Together, all measures to eliminate wildfires can be divided into several main categories.The first of these are the so-called intelligence activities.The second - the localization of the source of fire, the third - the elimination of fire.The latter category, in turn, rank okaraulivanie danger zone.Consider each of the stages presented in detail.
Exploration
Steppe fires can be detected from the ground or from the air.Typically, for such purposes are special observation posts and patrol aircraft.Traditionally, intelligence activities consist of identifying the type of a fire, its forces.It should be remembered that these parameters are investigated at the edge of fire, and also to its individual parts in different times.In addition, there is a periodic flame delineate diseased areas.Based on the results, the person authorized to make the forecast, which indicates the possible spread of the fire power and combustion characteristics within the specified time.Therefore, on the basis of data obtained form a plan to stop and subsequent liquidation of fire.It is also determined by methods and techniques by which such actions will be carried out.
Localization
Perhaps this is the most time-consuming and difficult stage in extinguishing the fire.Often it consists of two phases.In the first place to prevent further spread of fire.This is achieved through direct and immediate impact on the edge of the flame.The second phase, in turn, applies the so-called spacer barriers.As such funds can act sandy strip, dug ditches and so on.In addition, the need to implement the processing of the peripheral regions of the fire in order to prevent the possible resumption of the spread of fire.It is important to remember that the definition of "a localized fire" refers to the one around which there are protective strips, or other means to ensure full confidence in the fact that the flame can not break out again.
liquidation
so-called dotushivanie fire is the elimination of hotbeds of fires that could be trapped in the fire area.It is important to eliminate all, even the smallest and inconspicuous petals of flame.
Okaraulivanie fires
Such measures are intended to prevent a recurrence of the combustion processes.The necessary actions are as a batch or continuous (depending on the complexity of the fire) fire patrol affected areas.Special attention should be paid to the edge of the so-called band localization.The duration of the stage in question should be determined on the basis of projected and current weather conditions.
methods extinguish wildfires
Of course, the choice of methods and means to address the uncontrolled fire should be made depending on several key factors.As a rule, it is the power and the type of fire and the speed of its spread.In addition, be sure to take into account natural and weather conditions, availability of forces to effectively eliminate the fire.One of the most frequently used methods of extinguishing can be regarded as a joke.Oddly enough, but to eliminate the uncontrolled use controlled flame which is directed towards the fire.Such actions are carried out as follows: the available natural and artificial boundaries begins Start annealing using special devices zagizhatelnyh or, if not available, any improvised.It is important to remember that if the above measures are made using special tools, you will need the involvement of trained personnel who are specially trained to work with this technique.However, when carrying out any operations must comply with fire safety regulations.
recommendations to protect the population
Steppe fires are especially dangerous for people not so much direct influence as disastrous consequences for the organism.It occurs when burning is a high probability of carbon monoxide poisoning and carbon dioxide.In addition there is a common air deoxygenation.Thus, at present the following basic ways to protect the population:
1. Evacuation of the population and farm animals from industrial facilities and settlements.
2. Restricting access to a fire hazard regions.
3. Fastest extinguishing of fires.
4. Providing the most secure environment for the elimination of fire.
Precautions
In that case, if you were in the area affected by fire, the most important - is do not panic.Since it is such actions can contribute to the emergence of threats to health and life.During the evacuation you need to move perpendicular to the direction of propagation of fire.It should be closed not only the respiratory system but also the exposed areas of the body.
