Soviet Union was formed on the ruins of the former Russian Empire.He was one of two centers of power and influence throughout the twentieth century.It inflicted a decisive defeat of the Union of Nazi Germany, and its collapse was the most significant event of the past half century.What the former republics of the Soviet Union, we shall understand in the following article.
problems of national-state structure of the USSR on the eve of the emergence
How many republics in the USSR?This question can give different answers, because at the initial stage of formation of the state of their number does not remain unchanged.To find out more on this, let us turn to history.By the end of the Civil War, the territory of our state was a rather motley range of different national and state entities.Their legal status is often dependent on the military-political situation, the strength of local government institutions, and other factors.However, as the influence and power of the Bolsheviks the question becomes one of the most important for the state and the authorities.The guidance of the CPSU (b) was not consolidated opinion on the future structure of the country.Most of the members of the party believes that the state should be built on the basis of unitary principles, without taking into account the national component, other members expressed caution for national self-determination as part of the country.But the final word was for VILenin.
difficult dilemma in the depths of the CPSU (b)
the former republics of the Soviet Union, according to Lenin, should have a certain autonomy, but recognizing this issue is quite complex, he saw the need for a special analysis.The matter was entrusted to the Central Committee known specialist on the National Question IVStalin.He advocated a consistent supporter of the autonomy of all the republics of the new state.During the Civil War on the territory of the Russian Federation principle of federalism triumphed, but the relationship between the independent republics were regulated on the basis of special agreements.Another serious problem was fairly strong nationalist sentiment, the Communists on the ground.The entire complex had to take into account differences in the formation of the new state.
started on the creation of a single state
By the beginning of 1922 at the territory subject to the Soviets, there were about 185 people.For their association it was necessary to take into account everything, even the smallest nuances, but the process of creation of the Soviet Union was not just a decision from above, supported him overwhelmingly, and the masses.Education and foreign policy of the USSR had a reason - the need to unite in the face of apparently hostile states.To develop the principles of organization of the future of the country has created a special commission the Central Executive Committee.In the depths of this structure, it was decided that the example of the existence of the Russian Federation is the most affordable option of forming a new government.However, this idea met with strong opposition members of the committee of national regions.Stalin was little inclined to criticize his position.Proven methods, it was decided to Transcaucasia.The area required special attention.There was plenty of focus of national controversy.In particular, Georgia, for a brief period of independence has managed to effectively build the economy and external relations.Armenia and Azerbaijan have treated each other with mutual suspicion.
Odds Stalin and Lenin on the formation of the USSR
experiment to complete the creation of the Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic as a part of Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan.In this way they had to enter into a new state.At the end of August 1922 for the implementation of the Association formed a committee in Moscow.According to the plan, "autonomy" IVStalin all parts of the Union will have limited autonomy.At this point intervened, Lenin, Stalin, he rejected the plan.According to him the idea of the former republics of the Soviet Union, have united on the basis of the Union Treaties.In this edition of the project was supported by the majority of members of the plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b).However, Georgia did not want to go into a new public education as a part of the Transcaucasian Federation.She insisted on the conclusion of a separate agreement with the Union, is TSFSR.But under pressure from the center of the Georgian Communists were forced to agree to the original plan.
Education Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
In December 1922, at the Congress of Soviets announced the establishment of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics within the RSFSR, Ukraine, Belarus and the Transcaucasian Federation.That is how many of the republics in the Soviet Union at the time of its occurrence.On the basis of the Treaty declared the creation of the new state union as a federation of full and independent countries with the right of free entry and exit into its structure.But in fact, the procedure does not yield a legally spelled out that it is very difficult to respectively.This bomb, planted at the base of the state, with all the force showed itself at the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union, for the 90 years of the country were part of the Union, could not legally and civilized foundations to withdraw from its membership, which led to the bloody events.Foreign policy, trade, finance, defense, roads and communications were delegated to the central organs of the Soviet Union.
further expansion of the country of the Soviets
next step in the formation of the state was the national administrative demarcation in Central Asia.Its territory has a huge Turkestan Republic, as well as two tiny territory - Bukhara and Khorezm republics.As a result of much discussion in the Central Committee were formed Uzbek and Turkmen Soviet republics.USSR from the first then singled Tajik republic, part of the territory was handed over to the jurisdiction of Kazakhstan, who also became a union republic.Kyrgyz founded an autonomous republic within the RSFSR, but at the end of the twenties of the last century it was transformed into the Federal Republic.And the territory of the Ukrainian SSR has been allocated in the Federal Republic of Moldavia.Thus, at the end of the second ten of the last century data on how many of the republics in the Soviet Union was significantly changed.
In the thirties, there was also a structural change in the Union.Since the Transcaucasian Federation was initially viable education in the new Constitution of the USSR, it was taken into account.In 1936, it was disbanded, and Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan, the center concluded contracts, received the status of Soviet republics.
Baltic States in the USSR
next step is the formation of the Union by the end of the thirties of the last century.Then, because of the difficult situation our country's foreign policy had to go to an agreement with Germany, which led an aggressive policy in Europe.Western Ukraine and Belarus were then a part of Poland to reunite historically one nation and secure their western borders, between the USSR and Germany signed a pact "Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact" with the secret protocol.According to him, the sphere of influence of our country in Eastern Europe departed.In view of the extremely hostile position of the Baltic states management's decision to have been introduced by the Red Army on the territory of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia were liquidated legitimate government.Instead they began the construction of the political system following the example of the Soviet Union.This Republic was given the status of the Union.And it was possible to re-count the many republics in the Soviet Union was just before the outbreak of war with Germany.
collapse of the Soviet Union
How many former republics of the Soviet Union just before the collapse?At the end of the eighties the Soviet Union included:
- RSFSR;
- Ukrainian SSR;
- Byelorussian SSR;
- Moldavian SSR;
- Kazakh SSR;
- Turkmen SSR;
- Tajik SSR;
- Uzbek SSR;
- Kirghiz SSR;
- Lithuanian SSR;
- Latvian SSR;
- Estonian SSR;
- Georgian SSR;
- Armenian SSR;
- Azerbaijan SSR.
economic crisis and national contradictions and weak leadership led to the collapse of the Soviet state.15 former republics of the Soviet Union, gained in the course of these events, the full national sovereignty and to form their own state.
