In the modern world is undergoing global processes associated with the union of foreign states in various unions and the formation.This happens for a variety of reasons, chief among which are the following:
- growing interdependence of economies;
- integration processes are gaining momentum at the micro and macro levels;
- higher civilized state, the faster it converts its economy from the national economic isolation to openness to the outside world.
market production and consumption of goods and services, international corporations and subsidiaries, spheres of influence, regulate ruinous competition - all this is based on a joint balanced economic cooperation of countries linked by common business interests.
Determination
accepted that international economic integration - is a conscious process, guided and controlled by the heads of states, caused by objective reasons.It is based on the convergence of certain economic, economic systems, and their splicing, gating to each other.Naturally, these associations are not planned for the day, have a long-term potential and the elements of self-development.
International economic integration is beneficial for many individual countries, which are waging their own farm apart, face a number of difficulties.Together, these difficulties are overcome much more easily, solving many of the problems of economic and technical nature.
If we consider the economic micro-level, the international integration - is the creation of the nearby states of firms, organizations, companies with common trade and economic ties.For example, in one country at the enterprises produced products from raw materials supplied by other.And the production is carried out on the equipment, produced in a third country-partner.This type of connection is established on the basis of economic agreements, the organization of foreign branches, etc.
If we talk about the macro-level, it is equivalent to the interstate, and international integration here - is an economic union of states agreed not only on economic activity, but also on individual national political foundations.Example - the European Union.
intensive development of integration requires free movement of goods in different regions of the state, services, money, job resources.This, in turn, implies the need for concerted joint action in the finance, foreign exchange operations, science and technology, economy.Moreover, in the orbit of the joint action in due course be included and social policy, foreign and defense.Thus, international economic integration - a complex phenomenon, multi-level, the potential at a certain stage of development of government systems.For its appearance should be a high level of public consciousness, overcoming uzkosobstvennicheskoy ideology and confrontation, which is peculiar to the States with militarist bias rule.
forms of international economic integration
traditionally allocates some of these forms:
- The simplest of them is considered to be a free trade zone.The formation of such zones between the participating countries eliminated various restrictions associated with the importation and exportation of goods, customs duties, etc.
- Customs Union - this species forms of international economic integration requires not only enter a free trade zone among the member countries, and a common foreign trade policy, and a specific regulator of prices in relation to countries outside the Union integration.
- more complex structures is a common market.It makes it possible not only to organize a common market with free space for mutually beneficial trade, a unified pricing policy, but also a free input and output of capital, the movement of labor resources, economic coherence of the legislation involved.
- International economic integration at the highest level - an economic and monetary union.Such a community, among other things, involves the interstate unified monetary, financial and economic policies.
