Pushkin and Lermontov - two names that are eligible to be around for a few reasons.Firstly, they are of equal area in art.Moreover, the very history decreed that the death of one became a springboard to the All-Russia Popular Others.
two geniuses
When in 1837, after learning of the fatal duel, mortally wounded, and then the death of Pushkin, Lermontov wrote the mournful "killed poet ...", he himself was quite famous in literary circles.Creative biography Lermontov begins early, his romantic poems date from the years 1828-1829.The rapidly growing as a lyricist, he is a rebel, a tragic, Byronic warehouse.Especially noteworthy are his love poems - "Beggar", "At your feet ..." and many others, reveals to the reader a deep dramatic experiences Lermontov.And civil, revolutionary wing, poetry deserves more attention.It's time for apprenticeship Mikhail Yurevich was short.Prominent writers speak of him with respect and predict a great future.And his idol, spiritual teacher and mentor of Pushkin, Lermontov said.Because with such pain as a personal loss, he writes: "He died a poet ...»
Legends and rumors
personally familiar, they were not - it was not possible.Although historians and biographers, collecting the crumbs of information about great people, a lot still remains unknown.So in this case - who knows - maybe one day open previously unknown facts, and it appears that the poet died, t. E., Pushkin, yet at least once before they shake hands or spill Lermontov him a friendly word.At the very least, mutual friends they had plenty.Gogol and family Karamzin, Zhukovsky and Smirnova-Rosset, Odoyevski.Even the younger brother of Alexander, the indefatigable playboy Lёvushka, bowed with Lermontov in Pyatigorsk and Michel witnessed the altercation with the "Monkey" - sworn "friend" and the future of his killers Martynov.There are indirect rumors that both genius yet seen - a small secular party at the Vsevolozhsk.However, to approach his idol Mikhail did not dare, he was troubled, and all of Pushkin's time someone distracted ... So the poet died without talking with his future successor to the main point, that was the meaning of life for both: about creativity.But it is known that Pushkin has repeatedly pointed out the strength and depth, brilliant signs of high Lermontov talent.
History
So, beginning in February 1837 shocked Petersburg, Moscow, and then the whole of Russia two events, perhaps equal importance.The first - that the "sun of Russian poetry sunset" that Pushkin died.And the second - common in the lists and memorized, leafless lightning northern capital, the product of "Death of a poet."Lermontov's poem, which became the conviction secular mobile and announcing that ascended to the throne of the new poetry, the uncrowned king.Work on the product, apparently, Lermontov began as soon as he heard rumors about the fatal duel and wounded.The first edition is dated February 9 (January 28), when still cherished the hope that Pushkin survive.While anticipating the tragic denouement, Mikhail finishes the phrase "and in his lips seal ...".
«Death of the Poet" (verse Lermontov) supplemented by the following 16 rows on 10 February when it becomes known that Pushkin is no more.It was then, later noted journalist Pan, Lermontov's work was rewritten thousands of times, to memorize.
«A poet in Russia - more than a poet!»
popularity of the poem has reached such a level that was heard of him "the greatest ladies."The reaction of the Emperor was immediate - the arrest of a home, and then another link in the "hot spots" in the Caucasus.Lermontov was sick at the time, because not sent to the brig.But his friend Rajewski, who during the search found the text did indeed arrested and sent to Olonets province.What is so cruel disgrace?For fundamental human and socio-political position.After all, who has devoted Lermontov "Death of a poet?"Not just amazingly talented writer Alexander Pushkin, no!Russian art talent has always been richly endowed, and the earth is not a Russian skudeet them to this day.For Lermontov Pushkin's work - the challenge of lack of spirituality and slavery, a breath of fresh, clean air, freestyle, not contaminated servility, meanness and baseness.And he named Pushkin paradoxically precisely: "He died a poet!- Slave honor fallen ... "Lermontov those two words are synonymous.The true poet of God, by its very nature is not able to lie, do disgusting, contrary to conscience and high moral concepts.As spoke about a work friend of the deceased, "the poems of Mr. Lermontov's fine;they could write one who is well-known and loved our Pushkin. "
historical significance of
poem "killed poet" Lermontov in Russian literature takes a special place.In fact, it is the earliest and most powerful in terms of art, the poetic generalization score Pushkin - his "wondrous genius" popular values for Russia.At the same time the fact of his writing - an indicator of national identity and Lermontov himself, his civic, moral and political position.Wrote critic Druzhinin, Mikhail Lermontov not only the first lamented the poet, but also the first to dare to throw the "iron verse" in the face of those who rubbed his hands gleefully mocked and an accomplished tragedy."The king is dead - long live the king!" - This is how it would be possible to designate a public outcry about the great mysteries of the history associated with the death of Alexander Pushkin and the fact that "the poet died" (v Lermontov) nominated him as one of the first writers of Russia.
Genre poem
«Death of the Poet" - an ode to both solemn and stiff satire.The poem contains, on the one hand, the rave reviews about the personality of the great Pushkin.On the other - angry and impartial criticism of his detractors, secular society headed by the emperor and the closest dignitaries, the Chief of Police Benkendorf, a host of critics and censors, who did not want to live and sincere, freedom-loving and wise, humane and enlightenment ideas and ideals penetratedin society.So they occupied the minds and souls of young people under the yoke of political reaction.Emperor Nicholas never forgot about the events of December 14, 1825, when shaken the throne of Russian rulers.No wonder "Death of a poet," he estimated unequivocally as an appeal to the revolution.Odic written solemn line, "high" style and contain the relevant vocabulary.Satirical also designed in strict aesthetic canons.Thus, Lermontov achieved surprisingly harmonious unity in the variety of genres.
composition poem
«Death of the Poet" - a poem with a fairly complex and at the same time clear, carefully thought-out and organized composition.In content, there clearly are several fragments.Each logical end, is distinguished by its styling, its inherent pathos and idea.but they are a single entity, and are subject to the general meaning of the work.By analyzing the composition, it is possible to identify the subject and an idea of the work.
theme, idea, problems
first part consists of 33 lines, energetic, angry, stressed that the death of Pushkin - is not a consequence of the natural course of events, but purposeful and deliberate killing of a person alone has risen against the views of "the world."Death - retribution for attempting Poet to be yourself, stay true to his talent and honor code.Lermontov concise and accurate.For specific heartless killer with a "cold-hearted" catcher "happiness and rank", is fate itself ("fate has come true sentence").This Mikhail sees the meaning of the tragedy, "the proud descendants of the" illustrious birth baseness not forgive accusatory speeches in his address.They revere the tradition of autocracy and serfdom, because they - the basis of the well-being of their past, present and future.And anyone who dares to encroach upon them, must be destroyed!Whether hand Dantes French or anyone else.After all, Lermontov himself died a few years later by "Russian Dantes" - Martynov.The second part of the poem (23 lines) is equal to the digression.Mikhail does not hold back his anguish, drawing deeply personal and dear to him the image of Pushkin.The poems are full of poetic figures antithesis, rhetorical questions, exclamations, and so on. D. The latter part (16 lines) - the newly satire stern warning about higher, divine judgment, court time and history, which punish criminals and justify the innocent.Lines prophetic, for the way it happened ...
