role of oil in the economy and politics has become a leader in the XX century, with the growth of consumption of its derivatives.Development and massive use of internal combustion engines significantly increased consumption of fuel oil, kerosene, gasoline and solyarovogo fuel and the use of fractions of "black gold" as a chemical raw material for the production of plastics from the 50s has created a situation in which industrial countries can no longer dowithout hydrocarbons.
Each oil field in Russia has its own history, sometimes numbering two or three decades, and sometimes centuries measured.DIMendeleev, anticipating a huge part of the chemical industry, in the XIX century prophetically compared the burning of this valuable raw material in furnaces with an attempt to keep warm from the fire burning banknotes.Defence value hydrocarbon expressed no less expressive metaphor - "the blood of war."
oldest oil field in Russia is located in the North Caucasus, production is carried out here for more than a century and a half.Due to a long-term operation layers considerably developed and formed between the deep groundwater layers voids are filled with water.Nevertheless, Rostov region, Dagestan, North Ossetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Ingushetia and Chechnya, as well as Krasnodar and Stavropol contributed to the volumes of hydrocarbons.
acceleration of industrial development that took place at the beginning of the XX century led to intensify production in the Volga-Urals region.This oil field in Russia is the most studied, but as the Caucasus, it is operated for a long time.Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Samara region and other European regions are important, despite the relatively small volumes of extracted raw materials.Their value - in a convenient geographical position means it is less transportation cost and high quality, determined by low-sulfur and paraffin.
Start 60-ies of XX century, noted the rapid development of resources in Western Siberia.Nizhnevartovsk, Surgut, holmogorskoj, Ust-Balik became a major center of production of hydrocarbons.
Thus, 90% of the hydrocarbon production accounts for the major oil fields in Russia, which are located in Western Siberia (67%) and the Volga-Urals region (25%).
promising now become offshore areas of the Kara, Barents, Caspian and Okhotsk seas and polar ownership.Unique mine fishery "heavy oil" is made under Usinsk where the Timan-Pechora field.
oil in Russia much of its production, our country ranks sixth in the world.However, the fact that in recent years geological work carried out in difficult and remote areas where mining is problematic due to the harsh weather conditions and subsequent transport requires the construction of long pipelines, it said that the significant increase in volume should be expected.
Promising markets include countries in South-East Asia, where the past decade there has been significant growth in industrial production.Construction of the pipeline is carried out in the direction of the Pacific, it will connect China and the East Siberian oil field in Russia.Map hydrocarbon arteries becoming more extensive.They stretch in the east and the west, but sold mainly crude oil.Recycling has made it abroad, and profit from technologically sophisticated industries are deposited on the accounts of foreign industrial corporations.What to do?
only one solution: to replace the export of raw materials to come from the sale of the product the maximum surplus value.Development of own chemical processing industry - this is the inevitable way of the most rational use of natural resources, inherited from our ancestors.
