in economic activities people use a variety of substances, including some of the first in importance are fossil fuels.For any country it is a very important strategic raw material which is extracted and used by mankind since ancient times.What minerals fuels?These include coal, gas, oil, peat and oil shale.
Coal
Fossil fuels are the contemporaries of the ancient geological epochs.The geological time scale of one of the periods is called - coal.It is believed that while the planet covered with tropical forest, which consisted of a huge tree ferns and horsetails.They are formed as a result of coal and fossil fuels.
At the time, the climate was wet and warm.Fallen trees were replaced with new ones.Accumulate huge layers of wood.In shallow waters and swamps, they have turned to coal fossil fuels.It is believed that in this way formed of at least 30% of the coal in the world.Coal deposits are not uncommon.They can be found not only on the continent, but also on some islands.Even Antarctica is no exception.It is believed that under kilometers of ice sheets lie fossil fuels.
Coal knew more distant ancestors of modern humans.There are different types of it - their formation conditions differ.Most of them are considered to be high-quality anthracite, coke and then go brown coal.Latest in the energy plan of the least valuable.Fossil coal used to smelt iron.
hydrocarbon fossil fuels
These include oil and gas, which are formed in the natural cavities of the subsoil.They accumulate organic matter, the remains of living organisms.Over millions of years with little or no access to air, they turned into a valuable resource, which is called the "black gold", as well as natural gas.Deposits of fossil fuels such as hydrocarbon in all continents.Oil has a complex chemical composition.Its production is accompanied by the release of gas overlying usually over the oil-bearing horizon.Oil is used in numerous sectors of economic activity.In addition to the basis for the production of motor fuel, it is the most important raw material for the chemical industry.
Many states of the world have deposits of "black gold."However, the largest reserves are located in the following countries: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Russia, Mexico, Canada, Indonesia and the United States.The latter state has proven very rich deposits, but they are not fully exploited in order to save oil for the future.Extraction of "black gold" is carried out not only in the land, but also on the shelves of many of the seas by means of floating drilling platforms.In Russia, one of the richest deposits Samotlor considered.It is located in Western Siberia.In the Tyumen region has three of the largest gas fields: Urengoy, Bovanenkovo, Yamburg.
