Moscow Kremlin can rightly be called the main attraction of the capital of Russia.Everyone will be able to get to it quickly and easily.There are metro station, at the exit of which can be reached fairly soon to the building of the Moscow Kremlin.I think we should list them.
where you have to get out of the subway to get to the territory of the Kremlin?
station "Alexandrovsky Garden"
Coming at this stop, you will be, as we have probably guessed, the famous Alexander Garden.You can also look at Kutafya tower, where the sale of tickets to the territory of the Kremlin and the Armory.Nearby there are plenty of souvenir shops where you can buy stuff and memorable gifts to friends.
station "Lenin Library"
you can admire the Kutafya near the tower, which will be located very close - just need to go to the other side.
station "Revolution Square" and "China Town"
They will lead you straight to the Red Square, but from different angles.In the first case you will leave from the Historical Museum, and the second - from the Pokrovsky Cathedral.
station "Okhotny Ryad"
Leaving the station "Okhotny Ryad", will also be of eminent stroll through the shopping area.Only it is necessary beforehand to prepare for the fact that prices are very "unusual" for a simple layman ...
What about prices?What prices
expect a man who decided to visit the museum of the Kremlin?It should be noted at once that this pleasure is not cheap.Walk on the Armory, which will last approximately one and a half hours, will cost about 700 rubles.A visit to the Diamond Fund will cost 500 rubles.If you just want to stroll around the area and see the cathedral, you will need to pay 350 rubles.Tour without inspection councils will cost 200 rubles.But most of all, there are people who are interested in: what was built the Moscow Kremlin?
As part of the attractions?
Under the name "Kremlin" is meant not only the walls and towers as some people might think, but all that is within him.Behind the wall, you can see the magnificent churches, famous squares, museums and palaces.In addition, more recently, in the summer on Saturdays at 12 am, you can see the ceremonial changing of the guard of the Kremlin regiment, who will demonstrate military skills.
And now let's talk about the history of the famous architectural complex of the capital and to answer the question of what was built the Moscow Kremlin.
bit of history of construction
should be understood that the word "Kremlin" is quite ancient.It refers to that part of the city center, which has been strengthened.In other words, the Kremlin - a fortress.In ancient times, the times were not considered cool.So why it was built Moscow Kremlin?There are situations when the city had to fend off surprise attacks countless enemy troops.It is in those times, and the tradition has gone to collect absolutely all the inhabitants of the city under the protection of the Kremlin.Regardless of age, all people are absolutely hidden behind high walls and strong.Who was able to bear arms - defensive, occupying positions on the walls of buildings.
Appearances fortress on a hill
history of the Moscow Kremlin began to count about 4 thousand years ago.This fact was established by archaeologists.They were guided by the fragments of clay pots, stone axes and flint arrowheads have been found by them.All of these things were once used by the ancient settlers.
place at which it was decided to begin construction of the Moscow Kremlin, was not chosen by chance.Construction took place at a high hill, surrounded by rivers - the Moscow River and Neglinnaya.Due to its high location, the fortress managed to advance and see the enemies from a great distance and prepare for defense.In addition, the river acts as a natural barrier on the way of enemy troops.
Kremlin was a wooden ?!
history of the Moscow Kremlin began with the construction of wooden structures.Around him, the settlers created a tree out of the ground, thus increasing the reliability of the fortress.The remains of these old fortifications were found during construction work, which took place in the modern world.
Not so long ago it became known that the first walls were built back in 1156.The order for the construction of the fortress was given by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky.How do we know?From the monuments of literary culture - ancient records.At the beginning of the XIV century, ascended the throne of Ivan Kalita.This nickname was given to him for untold riches which he always carried with him a small bag - Kalita.
Prince decided to continue not only the construction of the Moscow Kremlin, but also to begin decorating the walls and strengthening to improve the reliability of the whole city.He gave the order to create a completely new walls.After some time the fortress was built of oak logs so thick that it was impossible to clasp hands.
stone fortifications
history of construction of the Moscow Kremlin has replenished with new data with the arrival of the next ruler.Dmitry Donskoy completely redid the walls.It was during his reign they began to stone.With all the urban districts were collected master masons.In 1367 work began on the construction of new walls of the Kremlin.The workers work without interruption, and after some time on the hill appeared Borovitsky powerful reinforcement, completely made of stone.The wall thickness reaches the two, and in some places and three meters.When building was used limestone mining which took place near the city.Kremlin has hit all its white walls, and that Moscow was called the white stone.
Prince Dmitry was known as quite a brave man.He only fought in the forefront, and that it was headed by the army against the Mongol yoke.In 1380, troops under his guidance in the devastating battle to win the Kulikovo field near the river Don.It was after the landmark battle of the prince and began to call Don.
white stone wall was inviolable for a long period of time
Kremlin with white walls stood about 100 years.During this period of time it has changed quite a lot.Russian land finally united in a fairly strong state, and Moscow became the capital.All these changes took place during the reign of Prince Ivan III.From the moment it became known as the Great.Historians called him "a collector of Russian land."It
Ivan III have been called the best craftsmen.In addition, he invited the best architects from Italy - Aristotle Fioravanti, Antonio Solari and other well-known experts in their field.Under the guidance of the invited artists history of the emergence of the Moscow Kremlin became updated with new events.To the city was left without a fortress during the work, the Kremlin built parts: First the dismantling of a certain area of white stone wall, and then in its place the new structures were built of brick.The clay that was used during construction, taken near the capital.Brick laying took place before the firing process, resulting in hardened.
During those years, while there was construction, the Italian masters have ceased to be perceived as outsiders.Their names even remade Russian style.For example, Antonio became Anton Fryazin.This name was given to him because the Italian land our ancestors called fryazhskie.Naturally, the natives of the land surnamed Fryazinov.
Construction of new facilities
Construction of a new Kremlin lasted for about 10 years.The fortress was protected by rivers on two sides.At the beginning of the XVI century with a third party it was dug a fairly wide trench that connected the two rivers with each other.Currently, the Kremlin is fully protected on all sides by water hazards.What
able to tell the history of the towers of the Kremlin?Such structures were built one after the other.They immediately fitted with diverter strelnitsa to enhance defense capabilities.In addition to updating the master of the fortress once rebuilt such famous cathedrals, like the Annunciation, the Archangel, the Assumption.
Accelerate the construction of the Kremlin
After the throne occupied the Romanovs, the construction of new walls of the fortress went with new, more heightened pace.Wizards designed Filaret belfry next to the Ivan the Great Bell.Also, there are buildings of the Moscow Kremlin, like Terem Amusing and palaces, cathedrals of the Twelve Apostles and Patriarch's Palace.During the reign of Peter I the Arsenal building was erected.But at a time when it was decided to move the capital to St. Petersburg, the construction of new buildings stopped.
When ascended the throne Catherine II, it was demolished some buildings of the Moscow Kremlin, as well as one part of the south wall.This was done in order to be able to build a new palace.But after a while the work was canceled.Most likely, the reason for this was the lack of funds.But there is an unofficial version.It concerns the negative attitude of people to the work of this type.In the period from 1776 to 1787 it was built the Senate building.
Without prejudice do not work
Description Kremlin has negative data.Enormous damage caused throughout the construction of the Napoleonic invasion.At this time, the enemy troops were looted and vandalized numerous churches.During the retreat it was partially destroyed a wall, towers and buildings.After the war began restoration work, and by 1917 in the Kremlin has been built about 31 church.
During the October Revolution, the Kremlin has been bombed.1918 was marked by the transfer of the Government of the Russian Federation in the Senate building.During the reign of Soviet power in the Kremlin Palace of Congresses was built.In addition, the towers were established stars, and placed on the pedestal of the Tsar Cannon and the Tsar Bell.In this period the restoration of individual walls and all the buildings of the Kremlin.
Powerful and majestic treasure of Russia
Now you understand why the Moscow Kremlin was built?Of course, over time it began to be perceived not from the perspective of strengthening, but as a tourist attraction throughout the country.
process of construction of the Moscow Kremlin lasted for about eight centuries, and we can say that during this time there was a lot of significant events.Not all of them positive impact on the fortress.However, the Kremlin was able to withstand adversity.He continues to fascinate people around the world with its grandeur.The power and beauty of this structure can not be described by any words, and not for nothing that the Kremlin was inscribed on the UNESCO list of possessions.
history of the Kremlin is closely intertwined with important events in the life of the state.With the growth of the construction of city growth occurred first, and then the entire state.Life Kremlin is firmly linked to political ups and downs: it is located higher authorities and take the most important decisions a historical nature.Construction is one of the most beautiful monuments of Russian culture, which is the history of its formation, lost a lot, but much gained.This did not prevent him to become a true landmark.
In this article we have attempted to explain who built the Moscow Kremlin and the role it has played and plays a structure to this day in the history of the Russian state.
