People faced with the history of the state of the Eastern Slavs, certainly welcomed the concept of "personal collection of tribute."Indeed, at an early stage of the country, this process can be described as the collection of taxes.
Formation signs of statehood in Russia
So what polyude?Let's try to sort out this issue in more detail.At the end of the eighth century on the territory of Eastern Slavic tribes settling fold powerful tribal unions, which vied for supremacy.The greatest influence and power acquired tribal union field.They gradually subdued the majority of Slavs.There were also signs of a nascent state, such as: a single leader, the court, law, the army, and of course, the most important component of this system - tax.That's what polyude.This is - a way to collect tax from the surrounding tribes in favor of the Grand Duke.Such a system was prevalent in all European countries at the beginning of their appearance, just called differently depending on the national nuances, but the essence was the same for all - is the completion of the treasury.
taxation system in the eastern Slavs
Russia was not the exception.Tribute expressed in mandatory taxes, was an integral part of government.However, the prince, in turn, also took on certain obligations, in particular, he had to protect the peace and the peaceful life of the citizens from foreign attacks, to protect the identity of each person, and it's required a significant amount of money.What polyude for the inhabitants of ancient Russia?Same for the modern population of our country's personal income tax, the difference is only in the process of weaning material resources.When released from the Khazars clearing several Slavic tribes, they have imposed their mandatory payments in its favor.But now, unlike Khazar tribute, the population could make it not only money, but also food, products of artisans.
«Pitfalls» polyudye
Thus Concurrently, the young state needed for the inflow of necessary financial funds.This system has been far from perfect, nevertheless maintained for a long period.In late autumn, the Grand Duke with his retinue began to go round all his possessions, to collect required him and his entourage paid."Walk on the people" - that is polyude, very precise definition, because during this trip the prince stayed in the big towns, in small settlements.It was not until as long as all the land owned by the Kiev prince, were not visited them.Thus, besides the payments, the population was to contain the governor and his entourage during the whole period of their stay in a particular area.All sorts of injustice prevailed in the collection of tribute, as its main reason was the virtual absence of a fixed amount of tax.
tragedy of Grand Prince Igor and irrepressible greed?
That's what caused the death of Prince Igor.During the next polyudye he took tribute tribe Drevlyane and dividing it with a team, considered insufficient tax.Then the joint decision of the prince and his warriors had decided to return for re-tribute.They again came to the land Drevlyane and demanded to pay again.Of course, this angered the people, and they just killed the squad, along with the prince.So the lack of levying taxes caused the death of Igor.The death of the Grand Duke put the state on the verge of collapse, but Igor's wife, Olga, was very clever and far-sighted woman.She understood that this method of taxation to change, first and foremost to establish the exact number of payments required.Quick and decisive steps to tame it excitedly tribes and restore the unity of Russia.
reform of levying tribute to Princess Olga Olga
Then began the first serious reform of the tax collection system since its inception.Its first action was to establish a solid amount of tribute.This will avoid many future abuse, and as a consequence, make the process more legitimate.In addition, it is understood that such polyude - this is a great danger for the ruler himself, and, therefore, decided that all collected resources were brought to a location specified in Kiev.Such places are called graveyards, that's where all the collected taxes were brought different tribes, and then from there they were taken by representatives of princely power.Thus Princess Olga both simplified the tax system and make it more secure for themselves collectors.This reform has allowed the state to become more consolidated, all the quarrels about injustice tribute gradually fading.
Kievan Rus took an important step in its further development.Erstwhile scheme "tributary-master" fading.That's what polyude on the history of Russia.Care of such a tax system shows the progress of feudal relations in ancient Russian society, and the reforms were Olga order of the day, she caught a very accurate and did not allow the state to split into separate warring parts.
