Today every educated person familiar with the collection of short stories and essays, "Notes of a Hunter" Turgenev.Summary them, however, each presents its own way.One reader more like a deep folk wisdom implicit in the "choir and Kalinych";another - fleeting watercolor brush strokes "Bezhin meadows";the third can not allocate something stringing as beads, the story behind the story, trying to capture the essence of each.In this article we try to consider what the book expresses the idea of "Notes of a Hunter."Turgenev as a writer - is multidimensional, so please do not accept the conclusions of the article, as the only possible view, and reading a book, take out the verdict."Notes of a Hunter" belong to the classics, which should re-read, to notice the new shades.
social idea works
Recall what social ideas contain "Notes of a Hunter" Turgenev.Summary of the collection can be expressed in one sentence: total, presenting with different mini-stories, a picture of life of the Russian people.Serfdom was a clear obstacle to further development of Russia.And the reason for preserving this form of legalized slavery served as an understanding of what the Russian peasantry."During slavery" openly and actively supported two political currents.Firstly, we are talking about populist positions of the big bourgeoisie (both - the official point of view of the authorities).She translated the question into the plane of psychology, ranting that the landlords - the fathers, and the peasants - children.Accordingly, the lack of rights of peasants "cover" harmonious relations.The second point of view was expressed by so-called populists.Those hayali any reform in Russia from the time of Peter I, idealized pre-Petrine, Rus boyars.Both views are false, it was a pure discourse, leading off the public attention from the essence of the issue.
Summary
seems to be a lyricist, Turgenev wrote "Notes of a Hunter."Summary of the book, based on the name, it should be quite banal: the impression Orel landowner, nature lover, likes hunting.What is easier?I went hunting rifle hung on a nail.He took a pen and wrote another "short report".But no!The product consisting of 25 seemingly completely different parts, turned monolithic, giving a vivid and truthful display of Russian heartland middle of the XIX century.This is - one of the most exciting and imaginative books about the Russian peasant.It is written so expertly, that later would be called descendants of Turgenev's style "poems in prose."
story "Polecat and Kalinych" tells the story of two friends-fortress of peasant background.Value is what the characters are real.Village Horevka Ulyanovsk region Kaluga region is a sprawling farmhouse polecat.Both of them - not "hammered" the peasants, both - the bright personality of intelligence - above the level of his "master", landlord Polutykin.Polecat - handyman organizer and worker.He and his six sons, together with their families are strong, profitable farm.This Polecat remains in the status of serf, evading proposals Polutykin - ransom, considering it obscene waste of money and regularly pay dues increased by half.Kalinych - a man of high spirituality and closeness to nature.He - first assistant Polutykin in hunting fun.But this is not the main thing in it.He understands the nature.Tame unbroken horse, speak the pain, calm the agitated bees - that is the strong Kalinych.It is this story refutes the view bourgeois and populists on the Russian peasantry "Notes of a Hunter" Turgenev.Summary "polecat and Kalinych" claims in opposition populists that the Russian people are not afraid of change, and goes to them if it sees in a practical sense.Bourgeois position of the "landlords fathers" contrary to all of the content of the story: the two farmer much smarter, deeper and more interesting of his master, Polutykin.
Story "Bezhin Meadow" introduces us with hiding in the desert, travelers landowner-hunter in the boys' freemen.Children horses graze in the night, resting by the fire, talking.In their mouths confused fiction with reality, the beauty of the steppes - the perception of life.Painter words, Turgenev portrays real, fleeting and Nepridumannoe picture.Anyone reading the story, it is similar to my childhood, blowing away like horses in the steppe.
limited space, we can only mention a few other stories.The bitterness and pain are heard in the mouths of 50-year-old Vlas, who lost his son, an assistant in the economy ("cranberry water").The gentleman did not differ breadth of the soul, not only sympathize with him, but refused to reduce rents, and position Vlas was all hopeless.In the story, "Miller Ermolai and" we learn about the hard life miller Arina, love is a servant Petrushka literally "trampled," an angry landowner Zverkov.He shaved pregnant workers, dressed in rags and sent to the village.Author anxiety filled story "Taps."The name and the story is direct and figurative meaning.They say that if in the steppes to cuddle ear to the ground, you can hear the zoom in or out riders.The landowner-hunter riding a chaise to Tula for Filofeem shot with the driver hears a sound.Soon they caught up, blocking the road, a cart drawn by three.CART rules tall, strong man with him was another six men, all - drunk.They asked for money.Having - left.Luck turned to the landlord meeting with the robbers, but soon, as evidenced by the story, under similar circumstances, was killed in the desert merchant.
Each of the 25 stories makes its nuance, shade cloth in the general pattern of national life "Sketches."The picture is alarming.For the beauty of nature, and Russian characters are viewed obvious glaring social contradictions.The whole point of the collection is reduced to the urgent need for the broad government reforms for the country.
Conclusion
Oddly enough, not ardent revolutionaries and lyricist Turgenev turned this question, as they say, "from head to foot."The book was an actual, readers loved it.Turgenev himself recalls the episode, I met him at the railway station, the young people expressed their gratitude to commoners from all over Russia, bowing from the waist.
Immediately after writing it into the category of classic carried Chernyshevsky, Herzen.It is difficult to overestimate the role played in the abolition of serfdom, "Notes of a Hunter" Turgenev.Summary them was familiar to many people, but the fact that this book was one of the favorite of the Emperor Alexander II, the Liberator, according to historians.
