term "composition of tort" in legal science is defined as "the description of the signs of illegal actions."At the same time it developed a certain scheme, under which carried this description.Thus, the composition of the offense - a set of elements.These include: the objective side of the object, the subjective side, the subject.In turn, these components are divided into mandatory - included in every part of the offense, and optional - unique to certain systems.
characterize the objective side of the action, the way it was committed (using tools, special tools, the group re-systematically).The objective indicators characterizing the structure of the offense include the circumstances, the time of the act (during epidemics, natural disasters and others).
In some cases, part of the offense may include only the fact that the commission, which will be enough to bring the perpetrators to justice.Such acts, for example, include speeding, possession of weapons without permission, non-observance of the rules of labor protection and others.If the perfect work entailed consequences, the responsibility is increased or there is a strict liability.
Ingredients crimes may include identification of all the consequences of the act.Accordingly, it is envisaged, and the establishment of a causal link of the actions and the consequences that followed it.
subject of the offense referred to a person who commits an illegal act.
In implementing punitive penalty criminal liability takes into account the circumstances that affect the degree of severity of the punishment envisaged.In particular, it may be extenuating (pregnancy, minority, etc.) or aggravating (intoxication, criminal record, unexpunged penalties and other) circumstances.
Some of the offense provide for a special subject: officials, medical workers, military personnel, transport.This component also has an impact on the degree of severity of the punishment envisaged.
A number of offenses are the subjects of the organization.The enterprise or institution may be held responsible for the fact of committing various violations.For example, for non-compliance of the operations with established rules and regulations, non-compliance with rules on environmental protection and so on.When committing property offenses responsibility of legal and physical persons.To the subjects can be classified and the print, broadcast and other media.In this case, the unlawful act is usually spread false information.
Concerning those of offenses in which the action is qualified, without relationship with the consequences, the general principle.It provides that ignorance of the law is not published officially exempt from liability in the event of non-compliance.
the presence of complex compounds, which is seen and the act and its consequences, an important element is the differentiation of species of guilt.So, distinguish negligence and intent.It is considered to be intentional act if the offender foresaw the negative (dangerous or harmful) consequences and wished their approach (direct intent) or knowingly allowed them to attack.
conduct deemed to be committed by negligence when the perpetrator, anticipating negative consequences thoughtlessly counted on preventing them or provide for their appearance, though, and was able to do it.
