idea of symmetry of the world expressed more scholars of ancient Greece, China and India.Considerable interest in symmetry in our time due to the fact that it represents an era in science synthesis of many scientific concepts, seemingly disparate, which are connected in one consistent and coherent picture of the world.
symmetry many scientists attribute to such fundamental attributes of being as time, space, movement.Types of symmetry may be the following: structural;geometry;dynamic.Symmetry can manifest invariance (invariance).
symmetry in physics manifests itself not only in the form of simple (geometric) symmetry, but in a very complex, so-called dynamic symmetry, that is, those that are not associated with spatial and temporal relations, and with different types of interactions.
In terms of balance, ordering between parts of the whole and a violation of order, you can define the following types of symmetry: symmetry;asymmetry;dissym- metry;antisymmetry;supersymmetry.
Asymmetry - a lack of symmetry.In reality, there is no absolute symmetry and asymmetry.These antagonists are always in dialectical unity and constant struggle.At different stages of the evolution of matter dominates the symmetry, the asymmetry, but always these two tendencies are present as a dialectical unity and contradiction.
dissymmetry - is the lack of facilities of some elements of symmetry.According to Pasteur, dissymmetric can be called such a figure which can not be combined with the imposition of a mirror image.The level of symmetry of the object can be arbitrarily high.
Antisymmetry - is the opposite of symmetry.It is connected with the change of sign: a particle - antiparticle, plus - minus, white - black, compression - tension and so on.
In the last years of the twentieth century was developed the idea of supersymmetry, proposed by Russian mathematicians and Gelfand Lichtmann.Their idea was as follows: In our area, there are the usual dimension, therefore, there may be over-dimension, measured in so-called Grassmann numbers, which are highly unusual.For example, in our conventional mathematics eight multiplied by nine is the same as if we multiplied nine to eight.In mathematics Grassmann "a" multiplied by "c" will be a minus "in" multiplied by "a".This presupposes the existence of the mathematical apparatus of some symmetric "antiworlds."
Types of symmetry can be seen in the so-called symmetry operations.There are such operations as reflected in the plane;rotation about an axis;reflected in the center;helical turns and others.
Bilateral symmetry is most clearly represented in biology.One example of this symmetry is beautiful and structurally complicated patterns on the wings of butterflies.
Bilateral symmetry arose from the needs of the body to move in space in accordance with certain objectives.It primarily affected the organs of motion: legs spiders, crustaceans, amphibians, insects, mammals and reptiles, the wings of bats and birds, fins in lampreys, squid, seals, fish, dolphins and whales.
bodies that govern the movement of the nervous system of humans and animals, too, have a similar symmetry.Obviously, it's easier to coordinate the work of the legs, wings or fins to actively move around in space without colliding with various objects, maintaining the balance of the body, to carry out an accurate touchdown and make other movements.
Thus, we have considered certain types of symmetry.
