known American scientist anthropologist L. White proposed to name the new science complex which appeared in the humanities - "cultural studies".In the foreign classification it is not isolated as a separate distsiliny.The basic science of anthropology believe there because the culture understand more in ethnography and social sense.Somewhat different is the case in Russia.In our country, cultural studies as a science is an integral sphere of knowledge which has incorporated information about the history, philosophy, anthropology, psychology, ethnography, linguistics, art history, religion, sociology, and other sciences.
One of the objectives of this new discipline is to teach a person at that level, which is reached by man.Cultural science explores the historical social experience of people who are embodied in the special rules, laws, the originality of their action, transmitted from generation to generation in the form of values and ideals, interpreted in religious texts, philosophy, law, art.
scientists share this area of scientific knowledge in the basic and applied.The first explores the phenomena related to the field of knowledge on the theoretical, philosophical level, it is developing its own conceptual apparatus and methods.A second, applied cultural studies, explores its separate spheres (political, economic, artistic, religious) to design, predict and control the relevant processes.Applied research area usually has access to the practical sphere of human activity.
Cultural science has its own methods of research.One of the main ways is the methodological principle of correspondence of logical and historical approaches to the problems of different ethnic groups studied.The logical method should be preceded by a historical.Researcher examines this culture, compares it with the other, are the similarities and differences.The historical method is focused on the study of the process of its occurrence, considering the stages of evolution and results achieved during the period of the most intensive development.This is the main and most well-known methods of cultural studies.
in this scientific discipline, there are many schools: the socio-historical, racial, anthropological, sociological, and other symbolic.
Cultural science got its development in Russia, thanks to the work of ESMarkarian in the second half of the 20th century and his first research in the 60-70-ies.In 1980-1990-ies it was officially recognized as a branch of science and higher education.
in recent years in Russia, new schools and directions in this science: philosophy, history, theory, sociology, semiotics of culture and others.We began to appear academic institutions studying the fundamental and applied aspects of this sector.In 1992 it was founded the Russian Research Institute for Cultural Research.In the new century, representatives of the new profession began to coalesce.So, in 2006, began its work Scientific-educational culturological society that unite the many Russian experts actively working.In higher educational institutions of Russia are now preparing culturologists dissertation councils assign degrees in the relevant fields.Today, there is an intensive development of this scientific branch.Cultural science is now on the rise.This is due to certain reasons.For example, increases the importance of such social processes as a culture-centered tendencies of the possible evolution of the modern world, globalization and others.
