Man as a species, man as a part of society, a man as part of nature in a scale sense of the word - these are the aspects on which works the scientific discipline of ecology of man.
Ecology - the concept is very capacious.It examines all the possible connections and relationships that can occur between living organisms and their environment.Ieall that somehow happens in animate and inanimate nature, is the responsibility of the environment.
term "human ecology" was first widely sounded back in 1921, but the actual relevance of this scientific direction was in the 70s-90s.twentieth century, when matured serious conflict between nature and technology to human activities.The era of scientific and technological revolution has not only proved the great intellectual potential of the person, but also vividly highlighted the tragic contradictions of human society, both within and between man and nature.End of 20th-beginning of the 21th century were marked by natural disasters, man-made related to human activities.Yes, and physical, mental, moral state of society began to cause serious concern among experts.Therefore, the nature of the environment in general and all of its components in particular have become the subject of intense research scientists.
consider an independent branch of science that studies the living conditions and their effect on the human body.The title of this industry - human ecology.As part of it allocated a number of cross-sectoral areas:
- urban environment, ie,human life in urban environments, from a small town and ending with the average of human habitation in the city;
- technical environment - impact on human scientific and technological progress, the pros and cons associated with human activity in this area;
- ecology psychological - psychological problems and social services associated with modern human activity;
- ethical ecology, which studies issues of moral and ethical problems that arise in the human society.For example, a very popular some time ago were the terms "ecology of conscience", "ecology morals", considered under an ethical ecology;
- ethnic ecology, which studies the cultural and historical features of a particular ethnic group and advocate for the preservation of its unique features;
- medekologiya - examines the emergence of new diseases, their causes and ways of dealing with them, physical and mental health of the company;
- many other directions.
Naturally, they all exist and are being developed not by themselves, and in close connection with each other.For example, the ecology of the environment as an integral part of the ecology of nature in general, is also related to human ecology.After all, the last in the global volume of the object of study has taken the relationship of the natural world and human society on a global scale.So there was anthropological ecology.A study of the spiritual life of society, and served as the basis of social ecology of such areas as the environment and ecology of the spirit of the culture.
Human Ecology, which studies the human world at all stages of its development, focusing on the following issues:
- number of individual human communities and humanity as a whole;
- age and sex ratio of people in a particular community;
- level of community health, viewed through the ratio of the average life expectancy of people in it, the most common diseases and specific causes of death;
- eating habits of people in a particular era of their existence, the culture of cooking, the amount of calories consumed by people in the middle and for a certain time period;
- labor activity of people, the main industry of labor, its instruments and mechanisms.What are the sources of energy used by people in the household and the economic sphere;
- habitats human communities, the reasons for habitation by people of various territories and withdrawal from them;
- culture and health of people at different times of their existence.
