Every person has a name, and wondered whether anyone where it came from, who invented it, and for what purpose it is needed?There were times when people had only the names, for example, in the former Russia, this trend was observed up to the XIV century.The study names can tell a lot of interesting things about the history of the family, and in some cases even to determine the ancestor.Just one word tells about the welfare of the ancestors of the family, they belong to a higher or lower class, the presence of foreign roots.
origin of the word "surname»
many interesting, from what happened last name, she stood for and for what purpose used.It turns out that word of foreign origin, and originally had a completely different than now, the meaning.In the Roman Empire, the term does not refer to members of the family, and the slaves.Under the specific name refers to groups of slaves belonging to one Roman.Only in the XIX century, the word acquired its current meaning.Nowadays, under the name refers to the family name, passing by inheritance and added to the person's name.
When the first names in Russia?
To find out where there were names, you need to go back in XIV-XV centuries and to understand the history of Russia.In those days, society was divided into estates.This is a conventional division is reflected in the names of the future, representatives of different layers provided themselves with them at different times.Family names first acquire their princes, lords, nobles, a little later this fashion came to merchants and nobles.Ordinary people did not have surnames to be treated only by name.Such a privilege enjoyed only the rich and powerful class.
The way there was a surname can be identified by its value.For example, family names of many feudal lords in common with the name of their land: Vyazemsky, Tver, etc.Earth passed from father to son, respectively, kept the genus name of its founder.Many families here have roots foreign origin is explained by the fact that people came from other countries, and based on our lands.But it is characteristic only for the wealthy classes.
names of former serfs
turns out that even in the XIX century have their own name was a luxury that could not boast of the poor and the serfs.Before the abolition of serfdom, held in 1861, the simple Russian people used names, nicknames, patronymic.When they gained their freedom and were owned by themselves and not the nobles, it was necessary to come up with their name.During the census in 1897, the census takers themselves invented the name of a former serf labor, as far as the imagination.For this reason, a huge number of namesakes, because the same names attributed to hundreds of people.
Here, for example, where there was a surname Ivanov?Quite simply, the fact that its founder was called Ivan.Very often in such cases, the name was added the suffix "s" or "s", so to Alexander Sidorov, Fedorov, Grigoriev, Mikhailov, Alekseev, Pavlov, Artemyev, Sergeev, etc., the list is endless.Where did the name of Kuznetsov?Here the answer is even easier - by occupation, formed such a lot: Grooms, carpenters, Slesarenko Sapozhnikov, Tkachenko, etc.Some farmers took the names of their favorite animals: Sobolev, Medvedev, Gusev, Lebedev, Volkov, Zhuravlev, Sinitsyn.Thus, by the end of the XIX century the majority of the population had their own names.
most common surnames
Many are interested in not only a question of where there were names, but which ones are the most common.It argued that are most often found Ivanov, Petrov and Sidorov.Perhaps it was before, but today it is old information.Ivanov, though one of the three leaders, but is not on the first but on the second place.Third place goes to Kuznetsov, but the lead keeps Smirnov.Said Petrov is in 11th place, but Sidorov - at 66.
What can tell prefixes, suffixes and endings?
As already mentioned, the suffix "s" and "s" attributed to the names, if they fold, the person will get the name of their ancestor-founder.Much depends on the stress, if it falls on the last syllable, the last name belongs to the farmer, and the second - the eminent gentleman.The clergy has changed the name of the genus, for example, Ivanov became John's.
the question of where there were names with the suffix "sky", a long time there was no single answer.Today, researchers agreed that these names belonged to the nobility of Polish blood, as well as ministers of the church dedicated to Epiphany: the Sign, Epiphany, Holy Cross.They are associated with holidays such as Krestovozdvizhenie, Baptism, dedicated to the icon of the Mother of God "The Sign".
suffix "in" and "un" basically belong to Russian Jews: Ivashkin, Fokin, Fomin.Jews might say disdainfully Ivashka and Fock and Thomas - a purely Jewish names.Diminutive suffix "UK", "chuk", "enk", "PMC", "UK" belong to the Slavic surnames.They are mostly found in Ukraine: Kovalchuk, Kravchuk, Litovchenko, Asipenka, Sobachenko, Gerashchenko, etc.
Random names
Not all names can tell us about the ancient, glorious way.The fact is that most of them were simply invented by people, so such names contain no information even about the name, kind of activity or place of residence of the founder.Sometimes there are very curious cases that tell where there were family.In the Soviet Union there was a formalization of an active, so anyone with a dissonant name can easily change it.Many people from the villages (mostly young girls and boys) got their names together with their passports.So, one guy asked a policeman: "You have someone?" - "Papanin" because in the document was written.And there are a lot of stories.Whatever it was, but now each person has a name, which can tell a lot about all kind.
