in pre-Petrine era in Russia criminals were punished in various ways.Depending on the degree of infraction, in addition to imprisonment, he pulled out his nostrils, burned with a hot iron on his forehead the word "thief", cut off his right hand, which was the theft occurred.In special cases, the villain betray a shameful death on the scaffold, an act of justice and a wide variety of intricate ways.The emperor left the reformist method of enforcement of sentences virtually unchanged, then it is quite consistent with European standards, but changed the name of the procedure.
Where did this word
direct meaning of the word "execution" does not mean anything terrible.His translation of the Latin corresponds to Russian peers "performance" or "execution."However, the context of the application of this legal term has given this concept a grim sense.For the execution of the sentence of the defendant did not promise anything good.In the best case it had severe corporal punishment, much worse if the executioner cripple or disfigure, and would be very bad when the head is on the block lies in surrender or neck loop.
This term is passed to us by inheritance from Roman law.Position Executor did not meet the obligations of the executioner, but it is quite clearly and unambiguously determined by the degree of guilt, delving into the circumstances of the events under investigation and determine the penalty to be enforceable.This expert on legal and penal matters controlled all paperwork, and after its completion, stated: "The investigation is over."Then quietly added, "Forget."
Watching penalty, it is not necessary to yawn
public execution today in some places considered as an effective tool against corruption and theft.In some countries, capital punishment, even execution broadcast on television, for the edification of kleptocrats and bribe-takers.Perhaps the fear of such a spectacle and can catch, but, as a rule, the effect is manifested in increasing the amount of bribes, which partly compensates for anguish is uncaught corrupt.Even in medieval Europe it was noted that it was during the executions publicly in squares thieves were most active, cutting purses and fumbling in his pockets at onlookers watched as other rogues chop off hands.
Execution as a pedagogical method
So Inquisition - a one-time performance of the Commissioner's decision instance.This clarification is important because sending to hard labor or imprisonment do not call.In the ancient times, the severity of the punishment did not matter, it was important certainty and timeliness.Between the decision and its implementation in schools, for example, passed a minimum period of time.Only once, on the occasion of the coming of Easter, according to the memoirs of the former student bursa Pomyalovsky, rods execution was postponed (but not canceled).Without idealizing the old and clearly outdated teaching methods, it is impossible not to notice that they provide effective impact on the learning process.People with a four-Parish form copes with the duties of the Soviet of People's Commissars in the first decade, the level of knowledge allows.In England, by the way, school corporal punishment was abolished only in the sixties of the XX century.However, according to Michael Gove, the British Secretary of State for Education, did it knowingly.It prompts you to enter them again.
Execution - a terror against civilians
After World War II began to be widely used new terms for crimes against humanity: genocide, the Holocaust and, of course, execution.This word has come to mean the mass executions of civilians with the aim of intimidation.The terror against the inhabitants of the occupied territories were used by German punitive units, Allied forces of Nazi Germany and the national units of the Waffen SS, recruited from defectors.The monstrous ethnic cleansing were carried out in Lviv battalion "Nachtigall", in Kyiv, tens of thousands of Soviet citizens were shot and buried at Babi Yar collaborators in Odessa Romanian occupiers hung the corpses of the hostages central streets of the city.Numerous war crimes were exposed during the trial of Nazi war criminals in Nuremberg.
current economic execution
But there is this other words, the peace, though, too bad for many citizens sense.Today in Europe the Inquisition - a compulsory deprivation of property for damages.The property is torn away from the hapless debtors and sold to an auction, and the proceeds goes to the benefit of creditors.Similar actions are made with us, and when the door knocking a bailiff, and in his hand the executive (executio!) List, the malicious defaulters have emotions, who do not envy anybody.Of course, not to be shot lead, but ...
