Egypt was probably the most developed country in the period of the first civilizations.The greatest flowering of the culture of ancient Egypt reached.Brief present it quite difficult, because the ancient period, equal to more than 2000 years, is divided into three kingdoms (Ancient, Middle, New), the development of each of which had its own characteristics.
culture of ancient Egypt: a brief account of the ancient kingdom
This era is for the period of the heyday of Egypt - a golden age for the development of culture.It reaches its greatest development architecture that are characteristic features of monumentalism.Most of the buildings associated with the funeral cult.The ancient Egyptians denied death.They believed that the human soul would return to him.Thus were created the tomb, and departed - mummified.Together with the architecture in the ancient kingdom evolved sculpture.It was characterized by some special techniques "Egyptian-style", which is the main features of the culture of ancient Egypt.So, the hallmark of the sculptures was that they were created on the tiles that are covered on both sides with relief images of people.This face and shoulders were depicted in full face and legs and head in profile.Famous plate Pharaoh Narmer.Its height is 64 meters.On it, in addition to the relief of pictures, there are hieroglyphic inscriptions that tell about the identity of the person whose image is carved on the plate.By the way, in the era of the Old Kingdom was finally formed written language was invented by a sheet of papyrus and created a system account.Writing in Egypt have been trained mostly priests and scribes, who scored in the economy, and sculptors.Another feature is the perfect symmetry of the figures depicted.
Middle Kingdom
Culture of Ancient Egypt briefly about the Middle Kingdom can tell us the following.In this era begins construction of temples to Egyptian gods who were portrayed either as individuals or half-animal, half human.Churches not only served religious purposes, but also considered the administrative agencies, which have access only to the clergy - priests.It is considered the supreme god Ra - the sun god, and the Pharaoh was considered the son of the sun.If before mostly built funerary structures in the Middle Kingdom along with them created the sacred temples, decorated with gigantic columns, obelisks, chic décor.The most spectacular was the temple of Amenemhat III, who was later called by the Greeks the Labyrinth.By the architecture of this period include the legendary Pyramid of Cheops, the Sphinx, and others. The art and culture of ancient Egypt in this era evolved in other directions.For example, there is a flowering of literature.It was written, perhaps the world's first novel - "The History of Sinuhe," and the novel "Conversation disillusioned with his soul" - a real philosophical treatise on pessimism, disappointment and faith.Here's her mysterious and amazing culture of ancient Egypt.
Glance New Kingdom
During this period, improved the art of relief.On the walls of temples in using this technique is represented by the whole history of Egypt.It has survived Hatshepsut Temple, located in Deir el-Bahri.Relief images that adorn the walls of the temple are so realistic that you involuntarily takes a dive into the past.'s Most valuable samples of sculptures of this period have come down to us, we are considered to be the sculptor Tuthmosis - the portraits of the pharaoh Akhenaten and his wife Nefertiti legendary.As for literature, the New Kingdom, it becomes a multi-genre."Book of the Dead", belonging to this period is considered a religious encyclopedia of the time.Among the "masterpieces" of secular literature can be called a fairy tale "about two brothers," as well as works related to love lyrics - "songs for the delight of the hearts."
