Servage - is one of the types of taxes that serfs gave his master.Natural it was called if paid products, money - if the money.Charged with this file that created the serfs, ie, with "surplus production".Natural dues - a variety of agricultural products (vegetables, grains, wine), products of artisans.By the 15th century boon gradually fades into the background.It becomes the main levies dues.
how Servage tax
must say that rents in Russia appeared in the ninth century and was originally a natural.Fixing its size it is planned to the 14th century.Subsequently, the increasingly important role played by commodity-money relations and rents gradually begins to be paid in cash.Best of all, this practice has taken root in the land of Novgorod.When in the 16th century appears boon, there is a kind of stratification among the peasantry: the peasants pay landlord serfdom, and the state and the monastery - cash rents.Since the mid-18th century it thrives more lush color due to the growth of market relations.Dress him in all provinces in European Russia, more than half of farmers (55% of the non-black earth and 26% in the area of black earth).Thus, the dues - this tax, the amount of which was fixed and paid quite independently of the views and wishes of the peasants.
history dues
way, namely cash rents was much more beneficial to farmers, because they provide a degree of independence and autonomy in management.Actually, however, all attempts especially ushlyh landowners to transfer serfs serfdom caused violent resistance of the population.In the early 19th century, is becoming more popular, seasonal work, serves as the main way to earn money to pay their rent, the size of which grow about twice (while peasant holdings are reduced).Gradually there is a whole system of mixed payment, which includes both cash rents and corvee.In 1861, during the liberation of the peasants last abolished and replaced with money, and since the beginning of 1863 the peasants began to pay mandatory redemption.Payment of dues to the landowners are gone.All the quit-rent payments thus became the redemption.
different kind of dues
The word "dues" and has another definition: wanting to rent the vacant plots of land, meadows and forests.This so-called - "dues in return."In such a rent and location for catching weasels, squirrels, land Bortnikov, sites for fishing, a wild pitch and even cultivated lands suddenly left without tillers.If the peasants were taking such empty land, the benefits received from the state for a few years (exemption from all duties but, in fact, the lease, the amount of which was negotiated and voluntary).In cities such even rent space for shops and shopping arcades.Such dues - this is purely mercenary paid for the use of lands and places, and for purely private deal with the state.Thus, the same term refers to two very different benefits.One - is forced to management, the other - a voluntary payment for the lease of land.
