very interesting historical figure is Emelyan Pugachev.Brief biography of him is presented in this article.
life path.Start of activities
He was born in a family of Cossacks in 1740 or 1742 (opinions differ on this point) in the village Zimoveyskoy.Biography Pugacheva Yemelyan very interesting to study, because he was the leader of the most large-scale anti-serfdom uprisings in the Russian Empire, called the Peasants' War.
Pugachev took part in the Seven Years' (1760-1762) and the Russian-Turkish (1768-1770) wars.In 1770 he was made a cornet.Biography Pugacheva Yemelyan says that next year he escaped from the service to the North Caucasus and joined the army there in Terek.In 1772 he was arrested in Mozdok.However, Pugachev escaped.Spring and summer of the same year Yemelyan spent wandering along the Old Believer villages near Gomel and Chernigov, posing as a schismatic.In the autumn he had settled the Volga Old Believers, and then visited the Yaik town where Cossacks incited to flee to the free territories Zakubanye.
biography Pugacheva Yemelyan tells us that in 1773 he was arrested after being denounced and brought to Kazan, where he was imprisoned.Pugacheva was accused of treason.This case was heard in the Secret expedition of the Senate in St. Petersburg.Pugacheva was sentenced to penal servitude in the Trans-Ural city Pelym.Tsarina Catherine II approved the verdict.However, the document with the verdict arrived in Kazan three days after the flight Yemelyan.Searches were unsuccessful.
biography Pugacheva Yemelyan indicates that in May 1773rd he appeared in the townships Yaik Cossacks, and in August gathered Cossack detachment, which included participants of the riot (1772).It was decided to launch a new uprising in the hope that it will be supported by serfs.He headed this performance Pugachev Emelyan Ivanovich.His biography says, what he called killed Emperor Peter III and issued a manifesto which gave the Kalmyks, Cossacks and Tatars, who served in the army, all sorts of liberties and privileges.
However, the rebels did not have a well thought-out programs, and views on the goals of the uprising limits the possibility of creating a Cossack and peasant state with just a king at the head.Hostilities were opened march on Orenburg.In December 1773 the army Pugacheva already has 86 guns and 25 thousand people.Management of the army carried them created by the Military Collegium.She also served as the political center.The basis of the troops were Cossacks.
Fatal error
Although the course of the uprising and showed that Pugachev had the organizational ability and military talent, but it suffered from serious flaws.Instead of going to march on the Volga, which was ready to flare up like gunpowder, he was involved in the siege of Orenburg and other fortresses.Because of this, Pugachev narrowed area performances and missed the time that was needed to consolidate the forces of the rebels.Although the uprising developed successfully and were captured a large part of the Orenburg region, districts of the Tobolsk and Kazan provinces, but the government was not asleep.
After the Russian-Turkish war freed hardened in heavy fighting and disciplined regular units of the Russian army.The defeat of the rebels were inevitable.Biography Pugacheva Yemelyan says that after a series of losses fighting its outstanding tsarist authorities conspirators from his own environment.The Senate has sentenced the leader of the rebellion and four of his closest associates to death.Pugachev was executed January 10, 1775 at Bolotnaya Square (Moscow).
