If you ask a farmer, adhere to the principles of organic farming, what are the different types of soil, he, no doubt, will answer this question with knowledge of the case.To understand, or at least a good understanding of the difference in the soil - it is the foundation of good harvests, the correct (read - wise) approach to improving fertility and ultimately the health and well-being of the entire family.Of course, modern technology agribusiness concept of "soil types" in the fields of partial loss of its importance: industrial process for the production of plants is based on fertilizers, growth stimulants and other support "chemistry."
Quite an interesting fact: despite the importance of the earth for man, still there is no single global standard, so each country treat the soil types in its own way.Of course, attempts to create a standard have been - is "the FAO classification" and the newer "Abstracts of the resource base of soil," but all the question has not been resolved.As an example we can recall SI: like the world, a universal, but many countries are still in use miles, feet, and so forth. By studying the types of soils in Russia, you can face the fact that until now many use outdated classification of the Soviet Union, even in 1977year of publication.Few people know that it is based on the works of Dokuchaev Soil Institute 1967.All this despite the fact that in 2004 published an updated edition came radically "new classification".
classifying soil types, it is necessary to understand the distinction between the terms "species" and "type".For example, soil type is a classification unit, indicating the differences between the severity and intensity of soil area under consideration is the basis for a more general unit on gender, type and subtype.The latter, in turn, is a generalization unit of classification, which determines the amount of properties, based on the characteristics of the processes and modes of soil formation.It also takes into account genetic horizons.
So, the following types of soil:
- Peatlands.It is very fertile.The special features include the possibility of a gradual subsidence level and waterlogging.Upland moors tend to give an acid reaction, so it is necessary to take into account and seek to restore the balance between acid and alkaline.For example, when the small areas can add lime or ash.
- Solontsy.The name itself suggests that these soils are rich in salt (the same food, NaCl).When the snow melts retain moisture for a long time, and after drying become excessive strength.Without preparation to harvest difficult.Usually in the first year make gypsum or lime, and the second - fertilizer (manure).
- Sandy.Due to the high content of sand so the soil retains moisture is almost not conducive to the formation of a layer of humus.Add humus (one 10-liter bucket per square meter), and sometimes - the clay binds the particles.
- Clay.It accumulates moisture, preventing normal growth of plants.Usually it soured.Reduces the density of the addition of humus, turf acid "quenched" with lime.When digging a bed of autumn leaves more.
main soil types are presented fairly extensive list.This includes black soil, forest soil, meadow, prairie, sand, brown, gray and so on. There is a simple folk method of determining the type: you have to take a handful of wet earth (there should be no dirt, no spillage from dryness), roll logs, and try to connect the edge"in the donut."I roll up, but falls apart - sandy loam soil.No slipping - dominated sand.Crack "bagel" - it means loam.All perfectly rolled and connected - clay ground.Once again, pay attention that this experience should be carried out at the optimum moisture content.
