When and why began the great migration of peoples, historians, up to date not been established.It is assumed that between the second and seventh century BC numerous tribes of the Huns, Alans, Germans and others. Were removed from their places of residence and went to the south-west, where settled in the upper reaches of the Volga and the Don, in the UK, Spain and Gaul, crushing at the same timeWestern Roman Empire and "finishing off" the remnants of the ancient world.Caused by mixing Latinized Roman peoples barbarians tribes became the basis for modern Romance nationalities, with many nationalities and cultural values have disappeared from the face of the Earth.
reason for the migration of peoples has been a change in climate?
When and why the start of the Great Migration?And what are the results?It's safe to say that the result of this previously unknown process was the formation of political and ethnic map of modern Europe, which subsequently such significant change is no longer underwent.The reason for the mass migration of the population were likely to climate change, known as a climatic pessimum in the early Middle Ages.It is believed that this process has begun in different regions in the years 250-450 AD and fully completed somewhere in the 750 year.
During pessimum average temperature began about half a degree below normal, which resulted in a number of regions to disastrous consequences, as the climate became wetter and winter - colder.
reasons for population decline
to understand when and why the start of the Great Migration, and what are the results, it is necessary to study the changes in the conditions of existence of the peoples of northern Europe in the period under review.The scientists found that in those days in the Alps, has significantly increased the size of the glaciers.As a result, the border shifted to the forest 200 meters down.Because of the cold crop failures were observed in the mountainous areas become impossible to grow grains and produce wine on the North Sea coast and in the South of England due to the efforts of storms have lost a number of land, including fertile.
alternative version
consider when Never attempt and why the start of the Great Migration, and what are the results (briefly) as detected pattern of alternating climatic pessimums and optima (during the last observed increase in temperature), and the next cold snap may haveplace in the future.
Some scientists believe that the move to the south of the nations have become somewhat earlier, during the Roman climate optimum, when temperatures were 1-2 degrees above normal, and there is sufficient rainfall, which together contributed to the prosperity of agriculture and animal husbandry, which inturn, led to an increase in population.The increased number of the tribes of Gepids, Vandals and ready has meant that some of them went to the south and settled in the Black Sea and the Carpathian Mountains before the Great Migration.
all started with the island of Gotland
Some historians, considering the question of when and why the start of the Great Migration in Germany, pointed out that, perhaps, the process started with the outcome of the Germanic tribes ready to Gotland and south of modern Sweden in the early first centuryad.
Under the leadership of King Beriga Gothic tribes arrived on the territory of present-day Poland, where the Vandals ousted Rugova and forced to retreat further south.Thus, to the borders of the Roman Empire in the second century for the first time we arrived Germanic peoples who began to put pressure on the largest geopolitical entity that era.
Stimulus from Asia
Talking about when and why the start of the great migration of peoples, it should be noted that at its most active phase is likely to affect a specific event.This attack on tribes of the Huns in Europe, the 354 BC, when invaders conquered the Alan tribes in the North Caucasus and state capture Ostrogoths running Germanarika, forcing the tribes to the west (375 year).
About Huns themselves very little information.Some historians believe that the Huns - a nation "Huns" ("Xiongnu"), who lived in the bend of the Yellow River and create the world's first nomadic empire.In the battles with neighboring tribes, the Huns were defeated and forced to withdraw to the west, where he faced the Germanic tribes.The majority of scientists do not believe the Chinese Xiongnu, and believes that they belonged to a proto or Turks, who at all times were considered belligerent and bloodthirsty enough.
catastrophe 536-537 years.BC
considering when and why the start of the great migration of peoples, it is necessary to consider that in the middle of the 6th century there was a short-term weather events globally.It is characterized by a decrease in atmospheric transparency to such an extent that contemporaries of the event wrote that the sun was shining like the moon.It is assumed that this natural phenomenon was the result of major volcanic eruptions, tropical (tavurvur or Krakatoa), or consequences of a collision with a large asteroid planet.This happened during the reign of Justinian in 536-537 years.BC and was accompanied by raids Ants, Huns and Slavs in Thrace and Illyria, the massive loss of population in North China (up 80%), the resettlement of the Slavs on the banks of the Elbe, in the foothills of the Alps, the lower reaches of the upper reaches of the Danube and the Rhine.
When and why the start of the Great Migration?And to blame if the plague?
population took from hunger and bad harvests the south, while fighting with the natives captured lands.In addition, in the period under review there was a mutation of the causative agent of plague (or skid with an alien body), which led to a pandemic disease.
can be argued that the reason for the transformation of the political and ethnic map of Europe at the time was the change in climate, and significant events, hastening the process - the attack Hun tribes to European peoples.
When and why the start of the Great Migration?And what are the results?These issues should be considered in chronological order.After the attack of the Huns about four AD old Germanic tribes of Franks began to occupy territories belonging to Rome today Netherlands, ousting the Frisians and Batavians.In 401, the king of the West is ready to Alaric, unsuccessfully besieged earlier in the year 395 Constantinople, who retired after that in Greek lands, which made a terrible defeat and plunder, moved with his troops and tribes Alps and went to Italy, which was considered nerazgrablennoy rich country, solike it had not yet visited the Barbarians.In the spring of the year 402 Alaric threatened seizure of Tuscany and Rome itself, but in the battle of Pollentia today he was defeated and left Italian soil.Here he'll be back later.
few years later (406) clashes between the tribes of the Alans, the Vandals and the Franks Alamanni on the land on the banks of the Rhine, as a result of which the Franks moved left northern shore, and Alemannia - its southern part.Vandals and Suevi (Germanic tribes in Eastern Europe) in 409 came to Spain, where he settled in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula.
fall of Rome under the onslaught of the Visigoths
When and why began the great migration of peoples, and what were the results, everyone should know, since the magnitude of this process is impressive.
in 410 Visigoth king Alaric returned to Italy and captured Rome.This event was preceded by the defeat of Alaric at Verona, when most of his troops deserted, was adopted by the military commander Stilicho and sat under the Savoy.Alaric himself concluded with Stilihom federal contract and subsequently led joint efforts to win back from Constantinople in favor of the Empire areas of eastern Illyricum.However, Western and Eastern Empire at some point went to negotiate, and the troops of Alaric were not wanted.
fierce war trophies went to extract their own.They forced the Roman rulers to consider granting a ransom of two tons of gold per nerazgrablenie some areas of Italy, but were rejected, leading to triple the siege of Rome, transfer to the side of the plurality of slaves and Alaric fall of Rome in August 410 years.
Germanic tribes and slaves, and plundered the city, burned many houses, not touching with the church institutions, as Alaric had already accepted Christianity Arian sense.Then his troops went to southern Italy with plans to capture Sicily and crossing to the coast of Africa, where Alaric was going to find the grain needed to feed their people.However, those plans went awry, as the storm in the Strait of Messina sunk most of the ships.Alaric turned back north into Gaul, but he died on the road near the town of Cosenza, and the remnants of his army and the people mixed with the local tribes.
displacement of peoples to each other
When and why the start of the Great Migration?Briefly, this process initiated by climate change can be described as follows: in 415 AD, the Visigoths in Spain began to force the tribes of Vandals, Alans, who were there before.In 449, the Anglo-Saxon tribes and nations have moved to shelters Jutland in Germany to Britain, where the ousted Christian Celts, forming several small states.A year later, it intensified migration of peoples across the territory of modern Romania - Gepids, Huns crossed it in 450, the Avars - 456 g, Bulgars and Slavs - 680 AD
in 451-452 years.Roman civilization conducts successful military operations against the Huns headed Attila, while the Ostrogoths occupy modern Hungary in 453, with the replacement of the Vandals with Malta in 454 BC and Vandals settled in Sardinia (with 458).In 476, the German commander overthrows the last Roman emperor.The Roman Empire (West) will cease to exist.
Later (about 486 years), the Franks settle in the territory of modern France, Bavaria come from the Czech Republic to the current Bavaria, Slavs - in the Danubian lands of the former Roman Empire, and Breton, exiled Anglo-Saxon peoples of Britain, the current base of Brittany.
Completion of
When and why began the great migration of peoples, and what are the results?Grade 6 school - a brief study of the process.
known that in the sixth century AD, Slavic tribes occupied the land in the north of modern Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern), the Ostrogoths took over almost the whole of Italy in 550, and to 585 - and the whole of Spain, while in 570Lower Austria and the present Hungary took the Avars nomads from Asia.
ends the process in the seventh century the resettlement of the Slavs to the east of the Elbe, and Croats and Serbs - in the modern Dalmatia and Bosnia, as well as in some regions of the Byzantine Empire.The exact number of resettled and died during the resettlement of people is not known, but it is, as scientists believe, tens of millions of people.
