Mushrooms have long been harvested.Even in the times of ancient Russia in the summer-autumn season, whole families went to the forest to prepare the gifts for the whole winter.Mushrooms, mushrooms, chanterelles and, of course, mushrooms, which are very often mentioned in Russian proverbs, tales.
White mushroom species which depend on where it grows, is used in food in any form: fried, steamed, boiled.It can be drying, pickling, canning.This maintains the most useful properties.For example, Mushroom soup is much more useful than meat, and dried porcini mushrooms in half-calorie chicken eggs.Held by the white mushroom substance has a tonic and anti-tumor properties.Its extract was once used to treat frostbite.
White mushrooms grow on virtually every continent except Australia and Antarctica.They grow throughout the summer until late autumn, but not always, and the waves, which depend on the local and weather conditions.The first wave usually occurs at the end of June and beginning of July.Harvest most falls in the second half of August and beginning of September.The third wave is dependent on the unpredictable autumn weather and may not even occur.Boletus edulis, which are diverse species, is growing very fast.The time that passes from the development of the embryo to the mature fungus, an average of about a week.And grow they tend to their families.Therefore, having found in the woods this beautiful, should carefully look around: probably somewhere nearby will be found more than one.
they prefer to settle in birch or mixed forests.The white color of the mushroom cap can be very varied: brown, light brown, sand.With an excess of moisture, it can be a little mucous.Foot thick, egg-shaped, with the age of a few stretches, staying at the bottom of the thickened.The flesh is white, but may be cut slightly turn blue.After drying, a bluish tinge disappears and the fungus again becomes white.
famous Soviet scientist BP Vasil'kov devoted to the study of fungi and is the author of numerous scientific papers described 18 types of white, depending on the season, climate and other environmental conditions.It is believed that the white fungus, which can have a variety of different forms of the same species - Boletus edulis.However, some scientists who conducted these studies, consider that 4 of them - separate species.
Species porcini
in our forests often can be found the following subtypes:
- dark bronze.It has wrinkled dark hat of different colors (brown, tobacco, dark brown, with a greenish tint).He prefers to live in a warm climate: in beech, hornbeam and oak forests of southern and western regions.
- Net.The cap is usually light colors (straw-ocher, cream) with small cracks and scales in the middle.The tubular layer of yellow.The stem is short, cylindrical shape, it is easily visible in the light mesh.Most often found in the mountain forests of oak and hornbeam.
- Oak (Dubravnik).This fungus with light brownish cap is sometimes regarded as a separate species.
- Birch.Top hat brown, but there is also a bright (almost white).Foot thick, clavate, with a grid pattern.The tubular surface yellowish.
- Fir.Cap brown, with slightly acute.The tubular surface yellows.White dense flesh of the fungus, which has a pleasant odor when cut does not change color.
- Pine.It has a large brown hat (can be purple) and brownish-red pulp.
CautionPoison!
Boletus edulis, the variety of which are well known to those skilled mushroom, it also has dangerous double.This fungus gall (bitterling or gorkusha).
In appearance - a common white mushroom.Photos poisonous gall and edible white virtually identical.But the difference is still there:
- tubular layer gall fungus has a slightly pinkish hue;
- gall fungus usually grows at the base of trees or stumps;
- bitterling leg covered with a dark mesh pattern;
- he has pores;
- he has a sharp bitter taste, which is easy to feel a little tongue touching it.
Although the poisonous mushroom, it contains the medicinal substance.In folk medicine since ancient times gorchak used as cholagogue, why it got its name.
