inventions, without which today is difficult to imagine a universal literacy is the printing press.Undoubtedly, this car changed the world for the better.But when she appeared in our everyday life, and what is its history?
Today, the scientific world is of the opinion that the first printing press built a German businessman Johannes Gutenberg.However, there is credible evidence that similar devices used by people much earlier.Even residents of ancient Babylon set on clay printing using ink and stamp.In the first century BC in Asia and Europe were common cloth, decorated with patterns.In the days of ancient culture stamps put on papyrus, and the Chinese have the paper on which was printed a prayer using wooden templates already in the second century AD.
In Europe, the production of books was a lot of monasteries.At first they were copied by hand by monks.Then they made a page template and imprinted it, but the process was long, and the new book needed a new sample.
almost immediately replaced the letters carved boards of metal, which was applied to the oil-based ink using a press.It is believed that taking a loose font was first used by Gutenberg (1436).That's his signature adorns the oldest printing press.However, the French and Dutch disputed that fact, claiming that such an important machine was invented by their compatriots.
So, the question of who invented the printing press, the majority of our contemporaries, replied that it was Johann Gutenberg.He was born in Mainz in the family of an old noble family Gontsfleyshey.It is not known why he left his native city, he took up the craft and took his mother's surname.However, in Strasbourg, he made a most important invention of the century.
device machine
How does his printing press, Gutenberg hide.Today, however, it can be argued that in the beginning it was made of wood.There is news that its first font existed in the sixteenth century.Each letter had a hole into which is threaded a rope connecting scored line.But the tree - the material is good enough for the job.Letters eventually swell or dry out, making printed text uneven.Therefore Guttenberg began to carve a stamp of lead or tin, and then cast the letters - it turns out much easier and faster.The printing press is actually acquired its modern look.
machine for printing works as follows: initially produced letters in mirror form.Hammer blows on him, received a master on a copper plate impressions.So it was manufactured right number of letters that were used repeatedly.Then of them put words and lines.The first product was the Gutenberg grammar Donat (thirteen editions) and calendars.Get the hand, he ventured to the more complicated case: the Bible was first printed in 1286 and 3.4 million pages of characters.The publication was colorful, with pictures and capital letters artists drawn by hand.
Case Gutenberg continued.In Russia, such a machine came in 1563, when on the orders of Ivan the Terrible built his machine Fedorov.
