years oprichnina had a significant influence on the formation and development of the Russian state.Tsar Ivan the Terrible took his place on the throne in 1547, a turbulent period in the external and internal political upheavals.In the middle of the XVI century, the country needs large-scale transformations were.However oprichnina - this is not the first global political measure on the throne of Ivan IV.It was preceded by no less crucial for the country's era of activities of elected parliament.
reforms Chosen Rada
the name given to a collection of a number of nobles, clerics and government officials, who were from 1547 to 1560, the actual informal government in the state.Essentially, all of the reforms that the government were aimed at creating a strong enough bureaucracy in the country, government, judicial and administrative orders, and so on.Strictly speaking, such a centralization of power required time itself.After absolutisation monarchies in the same period occurred throughout Europe and was at that time a progressive phenomenon.
Background Oprichnina
However, the activity and the mere existence of the Selected Rada, over time, contrary to a number of reasons the aspirations of Ivan the Terrible.The final break between the monarch and his associates came about in 1560, resulting in and began oprichnina.This was mainly for the following reason.King simply did not suit the slow, progressive nature of reforms Chosen Rada.Over time, it began to seem that the boyars purposely delaying the centralization of power, to save the remnants of feudal fragmentation, and with them and their power in the region.So, in 1560 he accused two members of his own government agency that they intend to concentrate in their hands all state power.The final spark that finally whetted by hatred of the king Boyar aristocracy, was the transition of one of the former members of the government, Andrei Kurbsky, the camp of Poles during the Livonian War.The reasons which led to this nobleman, was just dissatisfaction and disagreement with the fact that the king defies ancient rights and liberties of the boyars.Ivan the Terrible, in turn, saw this as evidence of the treacherous nature of the boyars.It was after this point was unleashed oprichnina.This happened in 1565.Ruler was formed personally obedient combat corps, which now ought by force to establish order in the state.
reforms Oprichnina
Since the mid 1560s in Muscovy was the start of a tough line on the scale terror against the aristocracy.Oprichnina - is inherently literal physical destruction Boyar layer.For this purpose, the country was divided into two administrative districts, and one of these parts becomes the personal destiny of the ruler and was called oprichnina.The second part was called and ruled zemshchina Boyar Duma.Limits of personal inheritance of Ivan IV constantly expanded and occupy more territory in the country.However, the king has made implicit rules for itself and the boyars consent that he can arbitrarily executed and subjected to disgrace anyone who considers a traitor.Needless to say once again that, after the demarche of Andrey Kurbsky king saw the traitors and conspirators everywhere among the highest aristocracy.
Results Oprichnina
Within a few years, hundreds of families have been evicted from the boyars patrimonial lands.The terror reached its climax in 1570, when the last feudal prince in Russia Vladimir Staritskiy was killed.Thus, together with terror have been overcome, and the remnants of feudalism, which allowed Moscow to finally gather under his rule the Russian lands, an effective bureaucracy, administrative and military system, as well as lay the foundation for the future of the Russian Empire.
