modern world as we know it today, was created over thousands of years and there was not only and not so much due to technical innovations.In no less in his formative influence social development.Each period in the history of human civilization has a very special characteristic.In the socio-political and economic thought of the last centuries, there were many very different views and approaches to the separation of the historical process in the different stages of development of human society.Today, the most popular classification of the American futurologist Alvin Toffler.Last singled out the following steps in the history of the development of society:
- agrarian society.Presented almost entirely peasant population.It is subsistence farming and nature of production bestovarny characterizes this period of development.
- industrial society.It arose as a result of massive technological innovations of modern times: the replacement of manual labor to machine and the industrial revolution.These processes have a strong influence on social development, triggering the intensification of capitalist relations and social stratification.
- postindustrial society.It should be remembered that the level of social development is not uniformly spread into every corner of the planet.A number of countries of the "third world" today just going through industrialization.At the same time, many Western states have already passed this stage, entering the information stage.Post-industrial society is characterized by the fact that most of the people in it are no longer engaged in the production of material goods.These processes are automated.Now, the vast number of people engaged in all sorts of intellectual work.
Marxist view of the stage of development of society
types of societies in historical perspective, perhaps even more deeply and fully investigated by the German scientist Karl Marx.Later multitude of his followers.Actually, it was in this methodology for the first time and was asked to look at society as a result of the relations of production.And this approach is now the most advanced and popular (not only in communist or socialist concepts).Stages of development of society Marx were divided into five main formations.
- primitive communal.At this stage the company does not make any excess product.All it consumed immediately without residue.And that means that there could be no property stratification.
- slaveholding.The well-being of society is fundamentally rested on forced slave labor.
- feudal, where there was a very specific hierarchy of overlords and vassals.Grass-roots structures of this society are the foundation of his life.An important characteristic of the feudal system is the prevalence of natural, economic bestovarnogo.Interestingly, the level of development of society in the work of Marx stood out on the basis of European experience.Theorists believe that this historical development is universal.However, as it turned out, it is not.In the East, there was a completely different, politarny production method.There was not observed any relationship suzerain-vassal or private property (even more important).Thus, feudalism proved strictly European phenomenon.
- Capitalism.According to Marx, capitalism was replacing feudalism, when violent methods of coercion are replaced by economic means, there is the concept of business, new classes, etc.
- communist formation.Yet capitalism tends to increased exploitation of workers and the constant deterioration of their situation.According to Marxists, this situation was to end sooner or later by the revolution and the establishment of a more just society.These ideas had a major influence on the history of the XX planet.However, experience, as always, made significant adjustments and assess the viability of communism and the development of the capitalist states.
