the spring of 2009 at the exhibition of defense systems in Asia OKB "Innovator" for the first time introduced the missile cruise missile system "Caliber-K."It consists of four such sea missiles.The rocket complex "Caliber" looks like a normal twelve-freight container, which is used for transportation.This helps to disguise the complex to be unnoticed until activated.
«Available strategic missile complexes" - the so-called developers a new missile system, because its price was only less than fifteen million dollars.
Compact missiles
The Western military experts, the emergence of such masking caused panic, because thanks to her all the rules of war from that time completely changed.Such a container can seamlessly be anywhere: on the sea and the ship, and in the train, and to be a trailer and fly in an airplane.Therefore, since the enemy is necessary to conduct the most thorough investigation, before deciding to attack.
But in any port and the railway station in the developed countries such containers is a huge number.They serve as a warehouse, they can be placed or appliances may be placed workers.In addition, they can contain different types of power plants and more.And determine which of the hundreds of thousands of containers inside a missile complex "Caliber" is almost impossible.
Transport for civilian use is excellent for such goods.Among the countless ships and trains with the same, no different containers to find that the only realistic.And track satellites without interruption is also not possible.
Panic West
According to British newspaper «The Daily Telegraph», experts believe that if Iraq had such missile systems, it is unlikely that the US would have invaded the Persian Gulf, as absolutely any freighter in the GulfIt may have on board a missile complex "Caliber".
The Pentagon expressed serious concern at the fact that the Russian missile systems began to offer to all those who can be attacked by the United States.They believe that the world situation will be destabilized if such weapons fall, for example, in Venezuela or Iran.
In the US much earlier and were worried that Russia intended to sell Iran S-300, having the ability to reflect the missile attack US or Israel.Needless to say that the missile system "Caliber" - is not air defense and strike weapons.
Features "Calibre".Why is the West so scared?
earlier missile systems were designed only to set them on ships and submarines.But the breakthrough OKB "Innovator" lies in the fact that the new cruise missiles are installed in a conventional container, and can be run autonomously.Thus the use of missiles radically changed.
«Caliber K" has no formal restrictions in the application.Range cruise missiles "Caliber-K" is from two hundred fifty to three hundred kilometers, they are not ballistic.Earlier, the Americans withdrew for any limitation of their exports of cruise missiles "Tomahawk".As a consequence, and Russia has no export restrictions cruise missiles, especially such a small distance.
What is so alerted the Pentagon military missile complex "Caliber"?Features of the complex is not anything new and different sverhtehnologichnym.He does not have long-range goals and defeat is not an ultrafast.
However, the danger to the opponent of the complex is that it is in quite a compact container and virtually invisible to any intelligence - technical or air.It can be easily installed almost anywhere, such as coastal defense.It's just-launched cruise missiles.But!Thanks to them, suddenly break coastal defenses will not happen, because it would require to hit too many goals, most of which will be false.
why carriers do not dare to fly up close to the shore, and amphibious ships can not be good for much when attempting a landing.
been argued that if the air defenses and hide in the same containers, at the sea borders is certainly no one would have dared to encroach.
How are containerized missiles
Missile Systems Russia container type produced by JSC "Concern" Morinformsystem-Agathe. "In one container is installed on launch four rockets.But besides this, we need two more similar container.In one of the bottom must be management module, and the other - life support and power module.Through them carried out daily maintenance and inspection, receiving commands to the shooting, the calculation of these targets, conducting training before the start, the flight mission and launching rockets.
To realize all this, we need well-established communication, navigation via satellite command center and military settlement.Therefore, terrorists are unlikely to take advantage of this technique, since they do not have satellites, and "Caliber" accepts the connection through the Russian space group.
Container missiles - a reflection of the attack during the period of threat
The mission of container complex is arming civilian courts during the external threats.Located near the coast, they closed down the coast from the landing craft.In the presence of roads and railways, they become mobile anti-complexes, which are able to stop the enemy at a distance of not less than one hundred and fifty kilometers or more.Therefore, for the defense of these complexes are highly effective.
Only One "Caliber" is enough to replace the fleet and naval aviation.Modest price of the complex is very competitive in comparison with expensive equipment from Western Europe.The complex is perfect for German submarines, frigates, Spanish, Italian, helicopters and other weapons.Even the United Arab Emirates are also actively eyeing complexes.
Missile Systems Russia
The family of "Caliber" (or «Club» - in its export version) is one of five missiles of different functions, power and range.Photo "Caliber" is presented below.
anti-ship cruise 3M54E developed on the basis of "Pomegranate" which is used for attacks on aircraft carriers.The range of this missile is three hundred kilometers.Speed missile is 0.8 the speed of sound.When approaching the target its speed increases and exceeds one kilometer per second.However, sink an aircraft carrier with a single blow the missile just can not, and therefore a tactical weapon.
Rocket "Alpha»
But the first part of the missile missile system was "Alpha", which was first seen in 1993 at an exhibition in Abu Dhabi and the International Air Show in Zhukovsky.In the same year it had adopted.
Western missile designation - SS-N-27 Sizzler.Yet it is called «Club», «Turquoise" and "Alpha".But the Russian missile code - "Calibre".
India first bought the hammer missile system "Caliber".They were installed on frigates and submarines of the armed naval forces of India, who built the Russian companies.On those submarines that are already purchased, made repairs and modernization work.Also, these missile systems, it was decided to put China and several other countries.
"H-Gauge" and "Caliber-C"
In 1990, the export also offered missiles Club-N and the Club-S for submarines and surface ships.Initially, they were to destroy submarines.For 91RE1 rocket launched from the torpedo fifty three millimeters.With solid propellant section it passes under the water and climbs.Next, turn on the engine of the second stage and cruise missiles "Calibre" continues to move to the point of the strike.The submarine it finds its own.A little later, in addition to missiles, hitting submarines, and the complex was equipped with anti-ship missiles.Famous submarines "Warszawianka" project 636.3 arm complexes Club-S.They are exported to India and China, Vietnam and Algeria.
cruise missile 3M14E
This missile has similar characteristics with 3M54E1.However, it is designed to destroy ground targets, not underwater ("Calibre PL") and surface ("Calibre NC").The missile system of this kind a little differently controlled.The elements of its management is barovysotomer that provides stealth flight by sticking to the exact height required during rounding of the relief area and a satellite navigation system, which facilitates high-precision guidance.
3M54E and 3M54E1.The similarities and differences
3M54E 3M54E1 and also have a similar configuration.They are made according to standard aerodynamic configuration drop-down trapezoidal wing, but differ in the number of stages.
have missiles 3M54E three stages: solid fuel at the start, marching with liquid reagent and the third solid fuel.
Start begins by the first step, after which it is separated and started marching engine with spread wings.The speed at this point reaches two hundred forty meters per second.After finding the target and the second step is separated and starts third.Speed while developing up to a thousand meters per second.
The main difference from the rocket 3M54E1 3M54E - is the absence of the third stage.Therefore, the rocket has only 3M54E1 subsonic speed.It is shorter than two meters.But its warhead more than almost doubled compared with the rocket 3M54E.Flies 3M54E1 so as to compare the model, but is not dispersed at the end.
latest weapons Russian
Twenty-third in September 2014 the commander of the Black Sea Navy reported to the president that will be based in Novorossiysk submarines that are running long-range cruise missiles.When the President asked for clarification on what exactly the range in question, the fleet commander said that the range of the missiles of fifteen hundred kilometers.Experts believe that the new cruise missiles were Russian missiles 3M14 family "Calibre".
The fact that the diesel-electric submarines that are in the Black Sea fleet, launching a torpedo diameter of five hundred thirty-three millimeter.It is these characteristics and possesses the aforementioned cruise missile "Calibre".Such a missile is launched from the vertical installations or torpedo submarines.According to some estimates, it consists of two types of combat units: a special and conventional.Thanks to a special part of the range of the missiles failed to dramatically increase.
This latest weapons Russian Black Sea Fleet allows you to hit targets outside the Black Sea, not leaving the places of permanent deployment.
So the public was informed about the range of missiles and a half thousand kilometers.However, experts have long been aware of this and even longer-range missiles.In 2012, the commander of the Caspian flotilla has already stated that the missiles "Calibre", which were installed on its ships could strike in the range of two thousand six hundred kilometers.
Thus, the Russian cruise missiles caught and overtaken by the American missiles "Tomahawk" in the range of two and a half thousand kilometers with nuclear warheads and six hundred to a thousand high-explosive fragmentation warhead.
Military experts on long-range missiles
experts agreed that the use of a winged long-range missiles does not violate the Treaty on the Elimination of short- and medium-range missiles, because they just do not fall under the jurisdiction of this document, and the other, thanks to the United States, there is nonot anticipated.
Current exhibitions
International experts were aware of the development of such missiles before the 2009 exhibition.Exhibition of military equipment with "Caliber" were conducted in the past.In 2006 in Nizhny Tagil missile "Alpha" was first demonstrated at the exhibition.And we are talking about the missile long before that, back in the 90s.
In 2010, the international military exhibition in Qatar was also represented missile system "Caliber".This onshore Club-M mobile-type modular complex Club-U and container complex, already represents a year earlier in Malaysia, Club-K.
