electronic declaration of goods - a statement supplied by the declarant, using a special form, with a description of the exact information on goods that move across the customs border of the Russian Federation, which is elected by the respective customs operation.Filing a declaration made using special software and the Internet.
concept
electronic customs declaration of goods enshrined in law.Already since January 1, 2014 should be implemented electronic filing.The main provisions can be found in the Code of the Customs Union.Also, special attention should be paid to the development strategy of the customs authorities until 2020.One of the provisions of the strategy is dedicated to a full transition to a process in which there should be a system of electronic declaration of goods and vehicles.By 2020, the percentage of the filing of such declarations must be 100%.
big "but" ...
However, it should be noted that arrive at 100% giving of documents in electronic form and will be difficult, perhaps even impossible.This is due primarily to the fact that there are cases where the declarant is obliged to submit additional information about the cargo.
The first thing you need to pay attention - this activity related to state secret.These products, based on the choice of the declarant may be declared in writing.
following product categories - those which fall under the special procedures.By such means: destruction, abandonment to the state, a special customs procedure.
following types of goods - postal mail, special categories of items from foreign entities, for example, the diplomatic representatives of foreign states.
wonder what military goods belong to a separate category of goods, they also provided the opportunity to a written declaration.The reasons for this decision of the government of the Russian Federation are not clear.Apparently, this is done for security reasons.
Easy
Electronic declaration of taxes, as a result of the declaration of goods, has specific advantages over the paper version.First of all it should be noted that according to the same period of the development strategy of customs declaration should be reduced to 20 hours.But the realization of such possibilities with a written data carrier is possible.The system of electronic declaration of goods solves this problem: the time of adoption has decreased many times.The average time of only two hours.
next - is the implementation of these procedures in the declaration automatically.This means that after the adoption is not necessary to go to another department and wait until your document assigned the status of "Approved" and you will be allowed to perform the stated procedure.
If touched upon the time, it should be noted that the number of hours it takes to electronic declaration, namely the design and verification of an inspector, no less important.Previously, the figure was two working days.Since the electronic form of declaration of goods entered into force, duration reduced to 3 hours.Maneuverability and speed of data processing allows to check the declaration forms automatically.
No less important is the fact that the customs control takes place automatically.That is, the Customs Service is not necessary to carry out one of the forms of control because software do it for them.For example, the program checks the graph filled with additional documents.Or check the correct calculation of the customs value.A complete list of all forms of control in this case is closed.
And of course, we must mention the distance.Sometimes it happens that appear at the customs office for the submission of the declaration can not be due to the remoteness or other reasons.In such cases, provided receipt of the electronic form at any customs office.Agree, it is more convenient, not looking up from the workplace, submit the form, than to rush to the customs office, and then another to stand in line.
Long Way
Any electronic declaration of goods goes through several stages before being released the goods under a registered and approved the declaration.
First, of course, you need to fill in the declaration using a special program.Since each graph contains a special classification, to fill the need instruction.It can be found in the legal sites.The entire contents of the latest changes is to fill in the decision of the Customs Union Commission number 257, which was adopted on 20 May 2010.
next stage - a formalization of the necessary documents.This stage involves collecting the packet of papers, which is required for submission of the declaration.It is important to remember that the list will vary depending on the selected customs procedure.For example, if there is import or export of imported games, be sure to applied information confirming the commission of foreign trade transactions.In addition to basic may require evidence of the value of the goods.Such, for example, include information verifying the origin of the goods.This is due to the fact that the cost depends on the country's manufacturing shipments.
then assembled packets of information to be processed and recorded.To do this you need to use a special portal.
Release
following procedure takes place in manual mode.It is aimed at finding errors that the program is not able to identify.At this stage, the customs inspector checks the contents of the received documents.Since they are sent to the customs office, then the check is carried out at the place of acceptance.After
if all the conditions of the declaration, namely compliance with the prohibitions and restrictions, customs duties, fees and taxes, and other criteria, there is a release of the goods.
Today
Today the proportion of goods that have been produced using the electronic customs declaration of goods is 99.81% of the total volume of submitted declarations.The remaining 0.19% - are goods with specific, legally enshrined rights, which have been described earlier in the article.
If you go into the exact figures, since the beginning of 2015 to 30 April of the same year were issued 1,133,390 declarations.Of these, 2182 have been reported with the use of a written declaration.
After the electronic declaration was a necessary component in the movement of goods across the state border of the Russian Federation, formed a report on the number of accepted declarations.The information is published on a regular basis on the websites of Customs and the Federal Customs Service of Russia.
history
very first form of electronic declaration of goods in the Russian Federation was launched back in 2002.Then use technology "ED-1."The point of this technology is that the data used for the special communications channel.Naturally, this method involves more financial costs.This was due not so much to the cost of the link itself, but with the volume of e-declarations: they were insignificant.
After the "ED-1" has proven its effectiveness, but with some flaws, has developed the technology "ED-2".This implementation involves the use of a special communication channel instead of an Internet connection.This was the impetus for the introduction of the method in mass circulation.
Centre electronic declaring
2012 for the Federal Customs Service of Russia is significant in that the opportunity to file returns from home via the Internet using a dedicated portal.It should be noted that the project was created on the basis of modern technologies and provided an opportunity to get rid of the special software to participants of foreign economic activity.So now the flow returns became possible, and for all other stakeholders.This was a prerequisite for the transition to mandatory electronic customs declaration of goods.
In this regard, the need to create the center of the electronic declaration.These structures meant a customs checkpoints, where customs procedures take place only in electronic form.This means that the release of the goods took place in the remote mode.
Today, there are 26 centers of electronic declaration of goods.They are located in all federal districts.According to statistics, it is clear that more than 90% of all registered declarations falls on the EAC.
Pros and cons
course, an important advantage of these centers is that the submission of declaration can be from any region.If you have any questions, always a connection between the inspector, who checks the documentation and the declarant or his representative.Also, no less important advantage can be considered the fact that the centers provide an opportunity to confirm the receipt of the goods.
As mentioned earlier, the advantage of ED in that period of release of goods is reduced.When the electronic declaration of release date takes 3 hours.Customs clearance is also simplified due to the fact that all historical data, including supplies, are stored on the server of customs.
course, there are disadvantages when using EDC.For example, what is often faced by the participants of foreign economic activity - mismatch value.Also, the formalization of documents.Since the submission of the declaration made in an electronic form, the formalization remains unchanged.And, perhaps, the main disadvantage - is that Customs does not always cooperate with the Centre.This is due primarily to the fact that payments from the returns do not come through customs posts.This means that the overall rate of customs will be less.This factor leads to the fact that the total processing time is extended.
Prospects
After a January 1, 2015 to complete the transition from paper to electronic versions, should think about how to handle the load, which is supplied to the Customs.Of course, in those regions where foreign economic activity takes place not so rapidly, such as in Moscow, no problems.However, the busiest sectors will have to reallocate the entire data stream.In the future, the distribution will be carried out on the EAC region.This step is necessary in order to establish relations with the countries - members of the World Trade Organization.We must remember that the electronic declaration centers were created in the first place in order to facilitate and simplify the relationship between the agents of foreign economic activity.
