The federal government is by far the most acceptable form of state-territorial structure of large states or states in which the population is placed on a national basis.
To date, scientists have not given a single definition of a federal state, however, analyzed the most positions, a type of state can be defined as a hard-federal state, consisting of two or more administrative territory, united by a single center on the basis of the Constitution.As a rule, such a state is characterized by certain signs:
- distribution of power - the "center" and the subjects of the Federation are stipulated in the Constitution of their competence in dealing with public issues;
- division in the federal legal system (obligatory for all citizens of the country) and the subjects of the federation system (valid only on the territory of federal subject);
- central rule of the legal system of the system of federal subject;
- bikameralizm - the interests of the subjects of the federation are represented in the upper house of parliament;
- lack of federal subjects of the right to withdraw from the federation;
- the principle of dual citizenship - the citizenship of the Federation and the subject.
The federal government today is typical of the 24 countries, including Switzerland, the United States, Brazil, Canada and Russia.All of them have been created in three main ways: the transition from a confederation to a federation on a contract basis, or the transition from a unitary state to a federation.
unitary and federal state .
debate about what form of administrative-territorial better conducted among lawyers is not the first year.Typically, each of the scientists present their arguments in favor of one or another form.A unitary state - is an acceptable form of small states, with a population of one nation.The area in this case is divided into areas that are subject to the legal regime established by the central government.The experience of modern states shows that a unitary form suitable for multi-national states in which public authorities can ensure their unity.
federal state for the states in which the union took place on the national, territorial or economic interests.In this case, the federal center regulates the general issues of public life, providing a federated states to solve specific problems arising in the course of administration of the particular subject of the federation.The federal government can be an ideal option for the solution of which are unitary and are in a state of "frozen conflict".However, in this case should be defined in advance with a view of the federation - the centralized (center - strong subject - weak) or decentralized (the center defines the general concept of development, the subject solves all other issues).
unitary and federal state of today are the most common forms of administrative government.This position is understandable, sincethese two forms of government are ideally suited for the construction of the rule of law.
Russia - a federal state .
For such a diverse economic and ethnic lines as the country's Russian federal form of state-territorial structure is the best option.
formation of Russia as a federation was due to the historical process of development.However, the leading role in this process is the 1993 Constitution, in which legislators have considered the experience of predecessors and provided subjects of federation rather extensive rights.Thus, according to the text of the Constitution of Russia was the initial decentralized federation.But over the last 10 years is clearly a tendency to create a centralized federation.This transition is associated with a large territory and multi-ethnic population of the country, the control of which is caused by the need to address the processes of secession to their theoretical origin in Russia.The federal government at this time meets the requirements of the proper functioning of the Russian Federation as the legal as well as with economic and social points of view.
