Systematics biology deals with the study of species diversity.By its main tasks include classification and identification.
plant taxonomy associated with the development of botany.The first scientist who applied the classification was Theophrastus.He divided plants on the grass, shrubs, bushes and trees.Follow-up studies were carried out during the Renaissance.While Albert the Great noticed differences between dicots and monocots.The first classification was published in 1583, the year.The taxonomy of plants, created by Italian Cesalpino was based on the work of Theophrastus and supplemented in accordance with the features of the structure of fruits and seeds ("reproductive organs").However, Cesalpino allocated and algae, ferns, mosses and mushrooms.They were, he classed as "seedless plants."
subsequently began to appear and taxonomic categories.In 1689, French botanist Magnol introduced the category of "family", and later, in 1693, J. Ray introduced the concept of "species", and in 1700 Tournefort - the term "race".Plant Systematics of Tournefort was supported because of its simplicity.It was based on the structure of the flower.Ray suggested a more natural classification.However, at the same time it has been more difficult - implied the separation of monocots and dicots.
greatest recognition, however, is an artificial classification of Linnaeus.His proposed system was published in 1735 in the first edition of "species of plants» («Genera Plantarum»).The classification of Linnaeus lay the number and structure of the stamens, the distribution of gay flowers.The result is a class of twenty-four.Twenty-three include seed plants, and in the 24th grade were ferns, mosses, algae and fungi.Despite the fact that Linnaeus did not recognize the concept of "family" and its systematics of plants it was at that time the most convenient in practical application.Together with the separation scientist suggested the use of the binary nomenclature.In addition, the definition of "taxonomy" was introduced by Linnaeus it.
In 1764, we developed a new system.Its author was Adanson.The basis of his system scientist put the greatest number of different features.Equally important was the classification proposed in 1789 Jussieu.Botanist divided all plants into fifteen classes, within which singled out one hundred "natural order", which is a description of the name.
In the nineteenth century, has spread de Candolle system.It was developed in 1819.Scientists have identified two parts: the cellular and vascular plants.Subsequently, many botanists have tried to improve the system de Candolle.For Brown, the British scientist, identified the differences between angiosperms and gymnosperms.
modern taxonomy of plants.Examples of classifications.
development of modern systems of classification of plants began after the publication in 1859, the year the work of Darwin "On the Origin of Species."
Braun, a German researcher based his evolutionary development.His classification was based on the structure and development of the flower.Widespread system of Engler.He proposed a classification designed to sections and childbirth, speculated about the origin of angiosperms.Engler's system was used in the scientific world until the beginning of the 21st century.
Wettstein (Austrian botanist) improved this classification.Two researchers (Wettstein and Engler) systematized and algae.This classification subsequently changed Pasher.
Historically, plants are divided into lower and higher.Development of classifications carried out in two directions.Basic systems of higher plants are represented in accordance with the names of researchers: a system of Cronquist, Bessie, Melchior and others.
