This man is composed of a set of consecutive sounds.On the two main groups - consonants and vowels - they are divided on the principle of articulation.Consonant sounds - these are the sounds, the pronunciation of which the stream of air exhaled by the lungs, meets on its way possible obstacles in the mouth - it can be a tongue and teeth, palate and lips.This explains the emergence of consonants.Some consonants to form, involve the vocal cords, and others - no.Thus, in the Russian language differ voiced and voiceless consonants.If the consonant is produced only by means of the noise, it will be deaf.And if you are involved in its formation to varying degrees as noise and voice, this consonant is called ringing.We can easily notice the difference in a pair of "voiceless and voiced consonants" if a hand in the larynx.If we call voiced consonants, felt a shiver, the vibration of the vocal cords.Since ligaments are strained, the air exhaled by the lungs, causes them to oscillate drives.And if you pronounce a thud, then the ligaments will be in a quiet, absence of stress, why, and formed a kind of noise.In addition, if the voiced consonants are pronounced, our speech organs experience slightly less voltage than the pronunciation of the sounds the deaf.
Some consonants - voiced and unvoiced - form a so-called pair.These sounds are called paired voiced and unvoiced consonants.In order to best facilitate the memorization of voiceless consonants, a special phrase-formula (mnemonic), "Stepan, cabbage soup you want? Fiii!"This proposal contains all the voiceless consonants.
A part of the sound does not have a pair on the principle voiced and voiceless consonants.These include:
[n] [m] [n] [p] [d] [l '] [M] [H'], [p] - calls
[u], [x], [w '] [h] [x'] - deaf
In addition, following the sound [w], [h], [w] [x] is called hissing, and [p][m] [n] [l] - sonorous.They are close to the vowel sounds and syllables can generate.
first row consists of consonants, called sonorous, which translates from the Greek as "loud."That is, when the formation of the noise dominates the voice.And the second row of consonants, on the contrary, there is the dominance of noise.
One of the principles of modern Russian orthoepy (phonetics section, which deals with the study of the norms of the literary pronunciation) is that the voiced consonants take the shape of the deaf and deaf likened both voiced when speaking.Voiced consonants (except sonorants) are pronounced as voiceless in word or directly in front of another thud: code - to [m].A voiceless consonants become a sign of sonority, if they are before voiced consonant sound and begin to be pronounced loudly: threshing [molod'ba] pass - [s] to give.Just before a consonant [in] and to not become deaf sonorous bell.
voiceless and voiced consonants we create some difficulties in writing.In accordance with the principle of morphological spelling of our language either stunning or voicing can not be expressed in writing.So, in order to check the pair voiced or unvoiced consonants, standing in the middle of a word or at the end before another consonant, it is necessary to choose such cognates or modify the word in such a way that after a consonant was a vowel: lo [w] ka - spoon,gras [t] - hail Losha [t] ka - horses.
