Since then, as the pencil was invented for writing and drawing, his views are constantly modified and invent new ones.There just is no pencils now standard color, what draws students in the classroom;wax and lead used in the professional painting;"Simple" - to drawings and geometric constructions (their pencil is made of graphite and, depending on the hardness, wrote in a range of colors from light gray to black);chemicals - used in design offices for the bulk drafting work;cosmetic pencils ... And all of them are used to varying degrees in different areas of our lives.
«Nahimichili»
indelible pencil - his invention was a real find in the drawing, copy, verbatim case.They could write, draw, paint the surface of the paper, making indelible marks and much more.Under the wooden "their looks" at a stationery is a special graphite pencil.If dry, it leaves a paper light, subtle traces and marks.But the tip of the lead is moistened with water or even language - its color changes, he began to write in bold, bright, and remove the paper it is impossible.This is because chemical pencil comprises colorants which dissolve under the influence of moisture.The same result would be if dry pencil to hold on moist surfaces of the same sheet of paper.Pigments added to the rod - rhodamine (he makes notes on a bright pink to deep, rich tones of the same color), eosin (too intense pink color, turning into red), auramine (deep yellow).These mineral additives make an indelible pencil is not only durable, but also by combining different basic and additional colors, increase the diversity of its colors.
By the end of the twentieth century, the popularity of chemical pencils subsided - they are active replaced first ball and then gel pens.However, now they are still found in various areas of production.They applied the label or the contours of drawings on glass, plaster, ceramic, iron and other surfaces.Hardness of marking pencils polymer is selected depending on the type of surface with which to work.And the honor of the invention of the first chemical pencil belongs Edson Clark, who patented his invention back in 1866 year.In 1928, the year it improved somewhat - by itself an indelible pencil was attached a small can of water, and when it was necessary to moisten the rod, writing press it.On the drain moisture comes to the bar, and the reaction with water and dyes paper was ready!
Pencil and cosmetics
cosmetic purposes is used for applying makeup pencil art.Its texture is usually dense, but extremely delicate, because this is not only a pencil paint on eyebrows and eyes, and the skin on the eyelids is easily injured and requires delicate handling.The structure of the lead pencils, besides a variety of color pigments include natural substances: glyceride based on palm oil, castor oil saturated with moisture - they perform the function of caring;bees, fruit and other types of waxes having improved refractory and provide make-up resistance and durability for a long time;substances, eliminates the possibility of allergic reactions.
Professional tools artist
Finally, charcoal pencil.As is clear from the name, it is made from a rod of coal with the addition of a certain amount of linseed oil.This addition further informs coal density and color saturation, greater adhesion to the fibers of the paper.Next, leaving them soft and coal-black with a hint of resin.
Due to its composition charcoal pencil is equally good both for the sketch work, and to perform the figure in the final version.Using them, the artist can portray and dark, and transparent light shades.Particularly easy to pencil in that it is easily removed from the paper, almost without leaving a trace.
