local government, as the practice and theory of the principle of sovereignty of the people, is the redistribution of power and administrative powers of the authorities in terms of its territorial decentralization.
Basic principles of local self-government assume a certain degree of autonomy of local government and management or the creation of self-governing territorial units.
Conceptual position of local government at the theoretical level were developed in the early XIX century A. Tocqueville, and then supplemented by the writings of the German Lawyers R. and P. Gneysta Laband.
concept and principles of local self-government within the framework of social theory are based on the adoption of the fundamental principle of freedom of the people of its powers created through local non-governmental organizations, communities and agencies.Within the public interpretation of the principles of local self-government appear one of the possible transmission of the field (in the regions) functions of the state.
Local government in this case assumes permission by the state to the population to exercise authority within the prescribed limits, and to solve some problems of life in this particular area, for example, have set national holidays, as well as any, to develop local crafts, how to organize the systemeducation, etc.
in the world formed a sufficiently large number of models and types of local government.The main difference between them is - the degree of distribution of powers for the implementation of power in the region.As the system is isolated Anglo-Saxon model, continental European and mixed.Some researchers, as an independent, and called the Russian model of self-government.All of these models and their characteristic principles of local self-government, received theoretical justification in the respective doctrines: the doctrine of the free community, socio-economic and governmental concepts, dualistic theory of municipal management.
As a complement, the existing concepts of social services and a variety of social-reformist model of municipal devices.
Modern principles of local self-government include the following:
- independence and separate organization of institutions of governance;
- bound interaction with local institutions of the central government;
- legislating the separation of powers and responsibilities between central authorities and regions;
- compatibility of the interests of the state and the regions;
- assumed diverse forms of institutionalization of local government and its methods of work;
- ensuring that the material resources of local institutions of their powers;
- promotion of human rights;
- ensuring the principle of legality in the functioning of local government and management.
To give local government the legal power, its principles are generally reflected in the Constitution, which fixed the legal basis of the phenomenon of public-political organization of society.
most important condition for the effective existence of different designs of the regional government, is its material and economic foundation.In this case, they represent the totality of assets, budget, economic and financial rights enjoyed by local authorities.
thus organized on the principles of democracy, this form of organization of social life quite effectively helps the formation of a harmonious combination of the interests of the national and regional scales.
