The school at Russian lessons to learn what the antonym, start with 2 classes, and periodically thereafter complementary knowledge about this concept.So, in Greek it literally means "against" - anti and "name" - onoma.Apply this term can only be in respect of a pair of words.With respect to a single word - never!So, antonyms - words with lexical opposite meaning (eg, harmful - useful antonym).
In such couples may enter only one word of the speech:
- noun with suschestvitelnys;
- adjective to adjective;
- verb with the verb;
- adverb with an adverb;
- Communion to Communion;
- with gerund gerund;
- excuse to excuse.
not constitute such couples:
- almost all pronouns;
- words that represent gender (male and female - is not antonymous steam);
- nouns with objective value (for example, a book, a house, etc.);
- proper names (you can not pick up a couple of contrastive words "Moscow", "Russia", "Paul", "Murka", etc.);
- numerals.
restrictions on the formation of such pairs:
- different stylistic coloring;
- words with the diminutive and augmentative suffixes (such as rain - dozhdische - rain).
Antonimija ambiguous words
special attention zasluzhivyut ambiguous words.For example, the word fresh several meanings.To each of them you can pick up a couple of antonymous:
- fresh bread - stale bread;
- fresh linen - dirty laundry;
- a fresh breeze - the hot wind;
Considering what the antonym of an ambiguous word, it is important to understand that it is also possible the formation of a pair of the same word between its various znacheniyami.Naprimer, the verb "to see".The first meaning of the word - "available, to see something."The second value - "not see, miss, miss."
antonyms difference in structure:
- single rooted (eg, quiet - noisy);
- raznokornevye (eg, courage - fear).
This phenomenon in the language made it possible to build a stylistic figure.It is not just the knowledge that such opposites, it is - the ability to create different images using the language.
first phenomenon - the antithesis
It is built on a sharp contrasting meanings, so many thanks to her memorable name of classical works, "War and Peace", "Fathers and Sons", "Thick and thin", etc.
second phenomenon - an oxymoron
This figure is based on a combination of opposite sense.Among the literary titles with oxymoron can be called "Hot Snow", "The Living Corpse", "Dead Souls".
Through a clear knowledge of what Antonio can easily identify these stylistic figures in the study of literature.
In addition, the Russian language to distinguish between these opposites:
- common language - commonly used in everyday life and in literary texts (eg, night - day);
- contextual - the words are antonyms only within a certain context (for example, "Wolves and Sheep").
ambiguous words, homonym, synonym, antonym to make it richer and more interesting, they are quite often used in proverbs and sayings, artistic texts and speaking.
To fix antonyms exist specialized dictionaries, recommended by the Ministry of Education, edited Vvedenskaya LA, NP Kolesnikov, Lviv MR
