most abundant element on earth is oxygen: in 89% of its water, in the air about 21% of the human body - 65%.It is synthesized artificially and is widely used in medicine for the treatment of various forms of oxygen starvation, as well as poisoning potassium chlorate salt, nitrite, CO (carbon monoxide displaces from its biosoedineny hemoglobin blood).Oxygen therapy is indicated and massive blood loss, tuberculosis, shallow breathing, pulmonary edema, with prolonged stay in the thin air, and so on. D.
What is the composition of oxygen?Its molecule (O2) consists of two atoms linked by covalent bonds.To date, it is known laboratory methods for synthesizing a plurality of the gas.Innovative technologies allow to produce it on an industrial scale.The main raw materials for the industrial synthesis of oxygen are water and air.For O2 from air its first liquefied at high pressure and quenching, followed by distillation in the fractionating column in which air is repeatedly evaporated and condensed.Said method allows to receive oxygen with inert gases (xenon, krypton) and nitrogen (1.5%).When using the method of electrolytic water prepared above without O2 impurity gases.
Properties oxygen
O2 - gas, having neither taste nor smell, good support combustion, but did not burn.This material reacts with almost all elements except the inert gases.Oxygen is perfectly soluble in water and 95-degree ethanol.
identification tests
To identify the O2 gas to be collected in the test tube and exposed to a smoldering splinter.In the presence of oxygen splinter flashes and lights up with a bright flame.How to differentiate the oxygen from the nitrous oxide?Its admixture with O2 to form nitrogen oxides which are released in the form of orange smoke.
mechanism of action and the use of oxygen
With a deficit of gas in the body there is a lack of oxygen.Because of this pathology is disturbed functional activity of the nervous, respiratory and cardiovascular systems, manifested dyspnea, cyanosis, decreased blood pressure, asphyxia occurs.With the introduction of oxygen into the body these phenomena disappear.
use of oxygen in a mixture with CO2.Methods of administration into the body
Several methods for introducing oxygen into the body: by nasal inhalation (via a catheter) through the mouth (inhaling through the mouthpiece of the airbag) under the skin.Subcutaneous administration is practiced, for example, in the treatment of elephantiasis, gangrene, venous ulcers.Widely used and so-called oxygen cocktails - oxygen-enriched drinks as a foam.This use of oxygen is recommended in the treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.Long term inhalation of the pure O2 is irritating to the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract.
In clinical practice, quite often, a mixture of oxygen and CO2 - carbon dioxide, stimulates the respiratory center.Today used various mixtures of oxygen and CO2 (often - the content of carbon dioxide and 10 percent).These drugs include carbogen (not to be confused with karbolenom - activated charcoal).It is stored in special cylinders under pressure.The use of oxygen in the mixture with karbolenom indicated for the treatment of glaucoma, as well as carbon monoxide poisoning.
Methods oxygen storage
oxygen stored in special of seamless steel cylinders, which are dyed blue.This packaging is made only at specialized factories and enterprises.It should be remembered that in order to avoid fire or explosion cranes and cutting oxygen tanks is prohibited lubricating oil.
