When considering the structure, functions of the cell, much attention is paid to those entities that are involved in the preservation and transmission of genetic data.These complex elements are also involved in regulating the activity of those or other structures.
It should be noted that the value of the nucleus as a location to store the genetic material, as well as its major role in identifying phenotypic traits were identified long ago.One of the first this role demonstrated Hammerling (German biologist).
functions of the cell nucleus are reduced mainly to ensure life.These permanent structures have ovoid or spherical shape.The length of the first - about 20 microns, and the diameter of the second - about 10 microns.
core functions are divided into two general groups.The first group includes problems associated with the storage of genetic data.The second group includes kernel functions associated with the implementation of this data, ensuring protein synthesis.
The first group includes the processes to ensure the preservation of genetic information, which is presented unchanged DNA structure.These core functions are caused by the presence of "repair enzymes."They eliminate sudden damage to the DNA molecule.Due to this, the DNA molecules are retained substantially intact.
core functions are also associated with the processes of replication or reproduction.As a result, formed exactly the same (both in quantitative and qualitative sense) volumes of genetic data.In the nuclei of the change is carried out and recombination of hereditary material.This is observed during meiosis.In addition, the nuclei are directly involved in the distribution of the DNA molecules during cell division.
The second group includes the processes directly related to the formation of the protein synthesis apparatus.In eukaryotic nuclei of the formation of ribosomal "subunits".This is accomplished by interconnecting the ribosomal RNA is synthesized in the nucleolus, and ribosomal proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm.
Thus, the core is not only the repository of genetic information, but also a place where you play back the information and its functioning.In connection with this violation or failure of any of the above functions is detrimental to cells.
example, irregularities in the reparative process can cause a change of the primary structure of DNA, which automatically leads to a change in protein structures.This, in turn, will certainly affect the activity of specific proteins, which may change so that there will be not able to provide the basic functions of cells.This leads to it (cell) death.
Violations during DNA replication or stop the proliferation of cells cause the appearance of cells having a defective set of genetic information, which is also very detrimental to the structure as a whole.
lead to cell death and violations in the process of distribution of genetic material during division.Loss due to losses in the core or as a result of disturbances in any regulatory RNA synthesis (any form) will automatically stop protein synthesis or to serious errors in it.
It should be noted that the term "core" was first used in 1833 by Brown.We refer spherical permanent structures in plant cells.Later the term began to be used in the study of higher organisms.
As a rule, one core cell (there are also multi-cell), consisting of a shell, which separates it from the cytoplasm, nucleolus, chromatin karyoplasm (nuclear sap).All of these components are found in almost all eukaryotic dividing structures.
