Thinking as a mental process is due to the social, connected with speech, it is finding and opening new.Thinking and speech are associated with each other and almost do not exist without the other one.
Thinking is an active process that involves processing, restructuring, change of information.The main role in the process of thought given to the analytic-synthetic activity, which is the dialectical unity of the two mental actions: mental division of the whole into parts (analysis) and their connection to the new connection (synthesis).
Comparison - another important mental operation.Comparisons of objects or phenomena of reality, we first divide them into component parts, highlighting the individual characteristics and properties, and then compared with each other.The following operations of the thinking process - abstraction and generalization.First (abstraction) - a mental operation of mental distraction from the unimportant to determine the essential quality, characteristic or property.The second (generalization) - an operation of thought, which is to identify the most common properties of the objects under study.On the basis of generalization, comparison and abstraction, as well as analysis and synthesis formed concepts.
concept - is a form of thinking, which expresses the general and the major, significant quality projects.In the process of scientific knowledge concepts are very important.The concept is defined by words, which once again highlights how connected thinking and speech.Language takes in thinking mediated role.Language is a sign system, which is endowed with certain values and meanings.Thinking and speaking are interconnected and this is one of the essential difference between man and animal.The idea does not disappear because it is formed and fixed in the word, written or spoken language.
Communication thinking and speech clearly shows the essence of socio-historical thinking.Knowledge and achievements of culture passed from generation to generation just because they can commit in the word.
Scientists have found that in the development of thinking goes preconceptual and conceptual stage.Preconceptual thought is divided into visual-active thinking and visual-figurative.The first kind of thinking is based on a real physical action of the subject.This type dominates in children under two to three years.If you have another - visual-figurative - people working not only with objects, but with their images, introducing the subject and everything connected with it.
But the basic kind - conceptual, abstract, verbal and logical thinking, which develops on the basis of language means that once again shows the relationship of thought and speech.In children, it begins to form at about 7 years, which is associated with schooling.Thinking and speech, developing, have a mutual influence on each other.The basis of the conceptual, abstract thinking is the notion that reflects the general, major and significant properties of objects.
Classification of thinking can and other grounds.For example, the degree of participation of the conscious or subconscious mind can be divided regulation of thinking on the logical and intuitive.The logic is built on a lucid, just formalized conceptual structures and intuitive based on unconscious ideas and images.
In a situation where standard conventional methods of solving problems do not work, enters into force productive, creative thinking that gives new ideas and solutions.This novelty can be objective (discovery or invention) or subjective, if the person is in the process of thinking discovers something that is already open before him, but he is not known.
