Translated from the Latin term "social" means "public", "common".In other words, this definition is related to the social life of people.In this regard, the welfare state - is (broadly) any State which is the result of social development.However, in the narrow sense of the power structure it has special functions and endowed with specific properties.
welfare state exists and operates in close connection with such phenomena in public life, as civil society, democracy, equality, freedom, right.
should be noted that the idea of forming such a structure emerged in the late 19th - early 20th century.The emergence of this idea was the result of objective processes in the social and economic life of society.At the same time the basic principles - equality and freedom - in those conditions came into conflict with each other.
theory emerged two approaches to the relation of freedom and equality in society.
Such leaders as Mill, Smith, Locke, Constant and others defended the theory of individual human freedom.This welfare state had to protect this freedom from any interference, including the government itself.At the same time, these leaders understand that in the end will come inequality, however, we saw freedom as the highest value.
According to another approach, which declares Rousseau, all must obey the principle of equality of preserving the value of personal freedom.
principle of freedom of initiative and contributed to the emancipation of people initiatives, the development of private enterprise, market relations.Thus, while the strengthening of the economic potential of the bourgeois individual freedom had an economic basis.
However, in the process of accumulation of wealth and the end of the 19th century began the division of property of society, its polarization that threatened social explosion.In these circumstances, we needed a change from liberty to establish equality.Thus, to form the social state began to intervene actively in the socio-economic life of the population.
Subsequently, the idea of creating a new power structure to get more recognition.The welfare state has been put into practice, and its quality and functions have been reflected in the constitutions of modern countries.
first such organization of power was formed in Germany.In one degree or another the principles of the welfare state is reflected in the Constitution of Portugal, Italy, France, Spain, Turkey and other countries.
great importance in the practical and theoretical development of the idea to build this organization of power was the doctrine of Keynes.Under the influence of the views of the British economist originated the concept of the state, ensuring universal prosperity.
The researchers note that the undoubted catalyst for ideas and translating it into public life in the West was the formation of the Soviet system.She always declared in their constitutions and other legal acts of the social orientation of its policies.
Despite the fact that the Political Declaration and promoted the theory of socialism in a real lack of civil society, democracy, rights, freedom, equality, according to the researchers, there is no denying the actual achievements in the field of public policy of the socialist countries.
According to many authors, the formation of the welfare state is possible only in a democratic environment, and the system of organization of power should be legal (in the modern sense of quality).Today, as the experts, the process of formation of this structure is not only political and economic but also moral.
