oil as natural resources known to everyone at school.But not everyone knows what it is made, how is mined and where it is used.What is the oil?This mixture of liquid hydrocarbons having a complex structure and saturated with gaseous or other substances.Because it produces several thousand different types of products.
deposits of crude oil located deep underground.After extraction it is distilled thereby removing unwanted impurities therefrom.
Oil - is an oily liquid that has flammable properties.It has a specific smell.Color of oil could be different.It depends on its composition, the area of production and can range from colorless to black.Traditionally this is a fossil brown color with a slightly greenish tint.
What is oil, we found out now analyze its composition.The main share of the oil structure of carbon.This is about 80-87 percent.From 11 to 15 percent oil composition occupies hydrogen.In addition, it has a sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, cobalt, nickel, aluminum, iron, barium, manganese and some other elements.Their share in the total mass is negligible.All elements form compounds Organic and inorganic nature.
Speaking of what is oil, not to mention its properties.The most important of them, which mankind uses in a greater degree is the ability to allocate large amounts of heat when burned.Oil - is one of the main energy.Products that are made from it, have the highest rate of combustion heat.
Using the property of the oil, as well as any other liquid to evaporate during boiling, it is isolated from the various fractions.Oil is composed of various components that become gaseous at different temperatures.At 200 degrees are allocated hydrocarbons belonging to the gasoline fraction at 250 - naphthas carbons.At 250-315 degrees allocated carbons kerosene-gas oil fraction, and at 350 - oil carbons.After highlighting all the main factions is tar.
What oil men knew even a few thousand years BC.The ancient Egyptians used it as a medicine and as a building material.In the Middle Ages, she learned how to get out of kerosene.
Initially, people used only the oil that is on the surface.Then, with the invention, the engine began to drill wells and lift the oil to the surface from the bowels of the earth.
modern production fossil that is completely automated.Around the world, thousands of kilometers of pipeline laid.Since the oil is very thick, it banished the pipes special pumps.
There are two theories on the origin of oil.According to the version of biogenic origin of oil - it is the remains of animals and plants.They were transformed into the earth's crust in this liquid for many millions of years.Supporters abiogenic version assume inorganic origin of this fossil.
Composition of oil and its quality depends on the location of the deposit.Oil extracted in the area of Baku, has a lot of cyclo and little limiting carbon.Grozny oil, on the other hand, is rich in limiting carbon.Northern oil containing aromatic hydrocarbons in large quantities.
Oil, along with gas is the main raw material and energy source for mankind.Products manufactured from it are used in all sectors of the economy.Due to the active mining and oil demand today its reserves severely depleted.It should therefore be more rational use of resources extracted, improve processing efficiency of the fossil, to seek new fields and ways of oil extraction from great depths.
