Gaius Maecenas - Roman rich man who so generously helped the people of art, that his name became a household word.The key word characterizing the patronage - unselfishness.Why not combine the concepts of philanthropy and sponsorship?Because the sponsor in the name of the artist's business strategy in return for advertising, so - and profit.A patron of the arts - a man, a victim of art, science, health care, education at the behest of the heart, and often remain anonymous.
Charity and spiritual development of society
emergence of Christianity in Russia, and was the beginning of patronage - 988.One of the major commandments - love of neighbor - inspired people to a charity of the poor, which is initially expressed in the most simple forms of assistance "orphaned and the poor."They distribute food and clothing, much less - money built housing, were treated free of charge.Before the big church holidays themselves princes and later kings secretly visited prisons, shelters, hospitals, where "address" to help the needy.After 1551, when the cathedral was held Stoglavy, charity into the hands of the state, the system of public charity.Peter's time is especially strengthened care of the state population.Opened hospitals, nursing homes, children's orphanages.And the content of the main sources of public institutions of this kind have always been private donations.Peter himself donated a third of his salary.Inhabitants of the monastery taught crafts, and the income from their work, too, went to charity.
Charity - a phenomenon ubiquitous
In the 19th century private charity really gets comprehensive: under her command operate libraries, museums, exhibitions, galleries, schools, hospitals, care homes for orphans and the elderly.Russian sponsors, the charity that will not allow their names remain anonymous, forever remain in the history of our country.Tretyakov, Bakhrushin Mammoth, Morozov, Shchukin, Prokhorov Botkin, Naydenova - all you name it.Patron - it's family values, which has become a necessity for the preservation of mental health.Merchants patrons whole dynasties have worked for the benefit of its people.An example is the family of Siberian merchants Sibiryakov built a lot of not only theater, but also churches, support the development of Russian poetry, in particular, one of the fathers of Russian literature - Gabriel Derzhavin.However, major contributions have been made in science - the study went through Sibiryakov the Northern Sea Route.
Dynasty Morozov
first in this family philanthropist - is also Sawa, but he was born in 1770, serf landlord Rumina.Thanks to hard labor for long twenty-three years old, he bought his freedom for themselves and their children, and then opened a silk weaving workshop.The famous Morozov manufacture - velvet, muslin, cotton of the highest quality - and without charity would be glorified surname Morozov for many centuries.But it is the family lived in patronage.Celebrities Savva Morozov - the founder of the Moscow Art Theater, one of the Stanislavsky and Gorky, a gifted chemist and widest-hearted man.The working conditions at its factories were much better than others, in addition, he has built for its workers free dormitories, hospitals, spas, parks for walks.
basic idea Sava - the distribution of the profits among the workers.The most surprising - that Morozov gave money for the publication of the Bolshevik newspaper "Iskra", "New Life", "Fight", carrying typographical without examination, even hiding in his secret police from runaway revolutionaries.Son Sava - Sergey - helped the Stroganov School, painters Polenov and Serov, established the Museum of Fine Arts on Volkhonka (Museum. Pushkin).Daughter Barbara has built the first cancer clinic in the Virgin's Field, Turgenev library, reading room, an almshouse and a school in Tver.Maecenas - a family.
