Goal - defining element of the educational system, without which the teaching activity is meaningless.It depends on her content and means of obtaining results.In teaching, the goal - a mental picture of what should be the outcome of the process of education, as well as the qualities that are necessary to form in person.
principles of pedagogical process defined in such a way that education is always deliberately, and without a clear idea of the purpose of educational activities is unlikely to be effective.Consider the highlights of goal-setting, as well as the hierarchy of objectives in teaching.
So goal setting in teaching is a conscious process, in which the teacher identifies and sets goals and objectives for their work.As a rule, the choice of education or training purposes has not voluntary.There is a well-defined methodology of pedagogy, as well as some ideas about social values.In pedagogical literature, there are several positions on the definition of the objectives of education and education.
Thus, according to the first opinion, the educational objectives depend on the religious beliefs about life and its meaning, the appointment of people who are religious and have an absolute character.The second position suggests that goal setting in teaching depends on the internal needs of the person, as well as its individual nature.Representatives of the materialist approach argue that the purpose of influence on the needs of society and its values in various aspects, including technical, socio-economic, cultural and others.
Targeting in pedagogy is built on a certain hierarchical system where the highest level are the state targets, reflecting the idea of the citizen and society on the whole person.Such goals developed by experts and the government takes.The next stage is occupied target standards, that is those goals that are reflected in educational standards and programs.Among them - the purpose of secondary education, as well as, for example, the goal of teaching mathematics or education of children of a particular age.The following all - purpose of the topic of the lesson or extracurricular activities.
Thus, the definition of objectives in teaching is based on the educational standards - requirements for the level and content of the pupils' knowledge, which describe the minimum skills and knowledge of graduates.Standards provide the quality of education and its compliance with international standards.
in the history of society the goals of education are changing with the change of philosophies, psychological and pedagogical theories of social education requirements.For example, in the United States retained the concept of adaptation of the individual to life, which was developed in the 20s.It is partially changed, but the main goal remains the same: educating responsible citizens, effective worker, a good family man and a wise consumer.Later developed programs such as "peace education" or "education in order to survive."This diversity indicates the presence of a variety of approaches to goal setting.
Goal-setting, as well as the function of the pedagogical process, is that the goals are formulated in general, as a pedagogical credo, often turning into generalized arguments and vague ideas about a particular purpose.Such generalization hinders the rapid development of the processes of education and training programs.Teachers theorists propose to solve the problem of introducing the concept of "educational technology", which will formulate goals diagnosticity words that describe action plans student.
