The dialectic has a number of laws, specifying and complementing its basic laws.They are expressed in the categories.The laws and categories of dialectics exist in the philosophical system, where it is determined by its contents.Most important, the basic and essential concepts in a particular scientific discipline called categories.The priority of the discovery of the dialectical laws and the formation of the categories by the German philosopher Hegel.
Such categories of dialectics as "the essence of the phenomenon" reflect the general shape of the surrounding objective world and the study of man.Essence - this is an internal (implicit) content of the subject, which is expressed in the unity of all the different and contradictory forms of its existence, and the phenomenon - are external (explicit) form of his life, the discovery (manifestation) of the subject.Categories "essence and phenomenon" in human thinking means a transition from the diversity of the existing forms of the subject to his inner self.
«The form and content" - a category of dialectics, where the content is determined by the parties and the whole represents the unity of the properties of the object, its internal processes, the relationship of elements, and the form - it is a way of existence and manifestation of the content.
«necessity and chance" - another pair of dialectical categories, specifying the nature of the understanding of the phenomenon of dependence, expressing different types of bonds, the degree of determination of the phenomenon.Randomness - reflected, for the most part, external, insignificant, individual manifestations of reality, and the need for internal communication is characterized by a legitimate, stable, repeated connections and relations of reality.
«Cause and effect" - a category of dialectics , that reflect the universal form of communication and interaction phenomena.The reason - a phenomenon that determines determines, leads to another phenomenon, which is called the investigation.The investigation, which shall cause, depends on certain conditions.One reason for different conditions can cause different consequences.The difference between the cause and the condition is relative.Any condition in some respects may be the reason, and the reason in a certain respect may be a condition.Cause and effect are in dialectical unity: the same causes produce the same conditions in the same investigation.
«possibility and reality" - two more categories of dialectics that reflect the stage of development of any object or phenomenon in the society, nature and man.Speaking about the possibility as a dialectical category, you must bear in mind that this is an existing trend of the evolution of the phenomenon or object that may arise on the basis of any laws of evolution of the object and defines it.Under understand reality objectively existing unity of the legitimate evolution of the relationship of phenomena or objects.
following dialectical categories that we consider - "a single, particular and universal."Under the unity we mean the specific, limited in time and space of the body, a thing or system of things a certain quality.Under special - dialectical category which expresses the real object or phenomenon in correlation of its opposite point - the individual and the universal.Especially as a rule, is considered as something that mediates the relationship between the individual and the universal.Under the category of general reflection of the objective will be to understand the unity of diverse natural and social phenomena in human consciousness.
Thus, in this article we covered the basic categories of dialectics.
