microscope - is an indispensable tool of researchers and health professionals.Using such a device allowed the scientists to make many important discoveries.Therefore it is interesting to know that the device is a microscope, for what purpose it is used, and what are the varieties of this instrument.
brief history of science
actually know who the first of the scientists invented the microscope today is the difficulty, for a few hundred years ago, accounting and records were not too strict.Of course, the first lens and other equipment began to increase the use for a long time.But the date of occurrence of the first compound microscope is the period from 1590 to 1610.It was at this time began to receive information from different scholars to establish a unit for visually increase small objects.
Some evidence suggests that the first microscope was founded in 1590 by Hans and Zacharias Janssen.On the other hand officially magnification was introduced Galileo Halley.Some historians believe that the increase in the system first started using bath Antoni Leeuwenhoek.You can see that historical data are rather contradictory.
Of course, in the 1600s, such devices are a little reminiscent of the modern.The device of the microscope was simple enough and is a system of two lenses, which work only with natural light.Later it was decided to use special mirrors to focus the light beam.
Today there are several varieties of such devices.
optical microscope
This device is probably known to everyone from school days.The device of the microscope is not so difficult.Device consists of two parts.The mechanical component is intended for fixation of the optical system, and ease of use.Mechanical parts are considered a tripod tube, specimen stage, macro- and mikrovintiki.
optical microscope is part of the eyepiece and lenses.In addition, there is also a specific lighting system, which is responsible for collecting light, the concentration of the light beam and transfer it in the right place.The lighting system consists of a condenser mirror transformer.Some microscopes have a built-in low-voltage lamps.
polarizing microscope
This kind of optical device but with some differences.This instrument is designed to study the so-called anisotropic objects, including minerals, biological products and polymers.Incidentally, these same materials can be studied under the ordinary microscope, equipped with only a few of his polarizing filters.
Binocular microscope
In contrast to the above-described optical device, the microscope has only one object, but two eyepieces.It significantly increases the objects under consideration.Of course, with such a device can not see the cells.Binocular intended for studying the small plant parts, animal organs, minerals, etc.After an optical microscope due to the large increase does not provide the ability to treat objects of this size.
electron microscope
This invention is by far the greatest breakthrough in science, in fact allows us to consider objects, increasing their several thousand times.Of course, the device of the microscope is much more complicated.As used herein the lighting system is not the light beam and the direction of the electron beam.This instrument allows to consider even the smallest details at the subcellular level.It is with the help of cell organelles were studied organisms, and also considered the structure of viral particles.
In any case, the invention of the microscope allowed people to make a huge step in the development of science.
