In modern sociological science, there are several fairly large theories, which can be called a paradigmatic.Symbolic interactionism - one of these theories, which is based on the fact that the interaction (interaction) of people in society take place by means of communication, which is based on the production and recognition of certain characters.Man responds to the stimulus of external natural and social world indirectly, interprets reality through images, signs, symbols, and communicates these symbols in the process of interpersonal communication.Symbolic interactionism, which were prominent members of the American scientist, sociologist John. G. Meade (1863-1931) and G. Bloomer (1900-1986), analyzes the social interactions in their symbolic content.The basic concept of this theory - interaction (Interaction), which is an exchange of symbols.
J. Symbolic interactionism. Mead is based on the fact that the representation of the reality of the individual is determined by his experiences with other people, and especially the perception of the world, themselves and others, so that it was relevant vision and symbolic meanings of social reality of other people.By George. Meade society and social individual (social "I") in the aggregate constituted processes of interindividual interactions.Symbolic interactionism theory suggests that the symbol can mean an object, event or occurrence, and presupposes a certain human response to it, which can be expressed in certain social activities, corresponding to a given character.In addition, the symbol - is a means by which people can communicate and interact with others.Symbolic interactionism
major credit George. Mead is developed them role-personality theory, according to which the individual, its identity and specific characteristics determined by executable her social roles and activities of the individual in this case is the set of her social roles, is embodied in the language systemcharacters and other symbolic system.Through the process of adoption of the social roles of the individual develops his self - a person's ability to present itself as the object of his thought.
human Self in its development has two stages:
1) the stage of the game, when the child begins to play a role that is not his own (teacher, doctor, pilot);
2) the stage of the contest, when taking part in competitions, the child sees himself from the eyes of other children.
any social group that gives the individual a sense of organization, George. Mead calls this: "generalized other."Each individual sees himself with the position of "generalized other."
follower and disciple of John. Mead American scientist Herbert Blumer developed basic postulates of the theory.By G. Bloomer symbolic interactionism is based on three basic postulates:
1) Man soon act on the basis of values, which he gives to objects, events and phenomena, rather than just react to external natural and social incentives;
2) Symbolic values are not so fixed, regular, formulated in advance, are however, evolve and change in situations of interaction;
3) Symbolic values are the result of treatments carried out in the context of interaction (Interaction).
In his works G. Bloomer examines in detail the collective behavior of people, which is based on common values, symbols, expectations shared by a social group.It is most often a conscious behavior of individuals in the team, but sometimes spontaneous group behavior, such as the action of the crowd, panic, etc.This behavior may occur in the circumstances of violations of accepted values, common forms of existence.G. Bloomer, along with spontaneous groups also studied the stable forms of social behavior - social movements and nationalist revival movement and having a clear structural organization and formed on the basis of common values.
