proteins are called high-nitrogen organic substances.They are constructed of amino acids.Proteins perform fundamental tasks in the life and structures of the body, as their main and necessary component.It is through these organic compounds there is a metabolism, energy conversion.
Due to the relatively large size of the molecules, the complexity of the structure, as well as the lack of information concerning the structural composition of most substances, not established a rational classification of single proteins.The current system of separation is largely arbitrary.When its construction being based on the physical and chemical properties of proteins, their sources, biological activity, and other, often random, signs.
So, isolated globular and fibrillar, hydrophobic (insoluble) and hydrophilic (soluble) substance.This division is based on the physicochemical properties of the compounds.Depending on the source of the isolated proteins of the nervous tissue, serum, muscle, and others.There are bacterial, animal and plant compounds.In accordance with the biological activity of isolated proteins hormones, proteins, enzymes, structural and contractile proteins, antibodies, and others.It should be noted that there are some compounds which can not be attributed to any of the above groups.This is due to imperfection of the system of classification and with an exceptional diversity of the proteins themselves.
are divided connection to complex (proteid) and simple (proteins).Simple proteins are the only amino acid polymers.Complex compounds other than amino acid residues, and contain non-protein inclusions.
Each cell contains thousands of organic macromolecular compounds.Due to the fact that during the life of the organism these substances are destroyed sooner or later, the cell must carry out the continuous synthesis of a protein to restore their organelles, membranes, and other components.At the same time a large number of cells provides the formation of organic compounds to the entire body.So "production" engaged, for example, cells in the endocrine glands that produce hormones.Where protein synthesis has the greatest intensity.
Developing compounds requires significant energy costs.The source, provides not only protein synthesis, but all cellular processes is ATP.
It should be noted that a variety of functions and objectives of the compounds formed in accordance with their primary structure - the sequence of amino acid in the molecule.Hereditary information about the primary protein structure enclosed in the nucleotide chain molecule of DNA.That portion of Deoxyribonucleic acid, which contains information about the amino acid sequence of a compound called a gene.
protein synthesis takes place on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm of the cell.The cytoplasm from the nucleus structure information is supplied in the form of a compound of mRNA (messenger RNA).To carry out the synthesis of the molecule and RNA-going "unwinding" (despiralization) DNA region.The subsequent process is the principle of complementarity.Using enzymes to a DNA chain is synthesized RNA molecules.
cytoplasm should contain a specific set of amino acids.It is required for protein synthesis.Formation of these amino acids is due to cleavage of edible organic compounds.Furthermore, the amino acid can get on immediate site of synthesis (the ribosome), attach to a particular transfer RNA (tRNA).
