term "social control" was first introduced by the French sociologist Gabriel Tarde.He proposed to consider it one of the most important factors of socialization.Subsequently R.Parkom, E.Rossom, A.Laperom has developed an entire theory according to which he was a necessary means to ensure the assimilation of elements of human culture prevailing in society.
Social control - a mechanism that exists to maintain order in society, aimed at preventing unwanted, deviant behavior and the punishment for it.It implemented through regulation.
most important condition for the functioning of the social system - and the predictability of human behavior.If it is not fulfilled, there will be its disintegration.For the stability of society uses various means, which include social control that performs a protective and stabilizing function.
It has structure and consists of social norms and sanctions.The former contain provisions certain behaviors in society (in which states that people should do, think, say and feel).They are subdivided into the legal (enshrined in the laws include sanctions for violating them) and morality (expressed in terms of public opinion, the main tool to influence -vseobschee censure or approval).
Norms classified according to the scale of those that exist in small and large groups in society in general.The general include the traditions, customs, etiquette, laws, customs, etc.OK - it's the rights and duties of man toward others, expected of him by others.They have a well-defined framework.These are usually related to the social customs and traditions, manners, etiquette, group habits, taboos, social mores and laws.
to control human behavior, there are sanctions, with which his "right of action" encouraged, and for violations subject to sanctions.They can be very diverse, ranging from dirty looks to imprisonment and even the death penalty.The sanctions are divided into 4 types: negative (punishment), positive (encouraging), formal (different awards, prizes, awards, grants, fines, imprisonment, etc.), informal (approval, praise, compliment a verbal reprimand, abusivetone).
Forms of social control
- external (formal and informal) and internal.
formal control is exercised by the state bodies, social and political organizations, the media, based on the official condemnation or approval, and acting on the territory of the entire state.At the same time the rules governing human activities, contained in the laws, regulations and various instructions and orders.Formal social control aimed at the observance of the existing order and respect for law with the help of representatives of government agencies.Informal based on the condemnation or approval deeds friends, relatives, neighbors, colleagues and so on.It is expressed in the form of traditions, customs, and through the media.
internal social control involves regulating the behavior of a man of his own, based on generally accepted standards.It manifests itself in the form of emotional distress, guilt and all to do with their behavior.The main elements of self - conscience, will and mind.
- Indirect (based on identification with a group of law-abiding) and direct social control, which is based on the availability of different ways to meet the needs and achieve the goals of alternative immoral or illegal.
