If you start to learn English, the day is sure to meet the need to use numerals.For example, when you want to tell your age or a date of birth.Then, as the expansion of vocabulary, you will emerge a new reason to use all the numbers, dates, names, numbers and other numerals in English.In this article you will learn some important concepts, get to know the logic of the formation of words denoting numbers, and learn what exercises can be used studying a foreign language in order to better understand this question and learn how to count in English without hesitation.
What are the numerals
Since this topic is very relevant for studying a foreign language, it makes sense to first figure out how to carry the expense of other cultures.
just numbers - Numbers, and numerals in English called Numerals.The latter, as in the Russian language, are divided into two large groups.
first answers the question: "How many?"("How many?").In this case, we find the number of objects, events or people.
second group responds to the question: "Which?"("What?" "Who?").Here, the goal is to find the sequence number or to what position the subject is (a phenomenon persons) in relation to others in the same.
With these two issues and educated quantitative and ordinal numbers in English.Now we shall understand the situations in which they are used, as well as figure out a way to help you remember them better.
Numerals: English translation
There is a general diagram of the formation of a special word for the account.If it does not know the numerals in English may seem incredibly complicated and confusing.In fact, the scheme is simple and is based on the ten words, which does not cost anything to learn.
numbers from 0 to 10
Currently, in the ubiquitous learning English, they are known even preschoolers.But those are just numbers is the whole basis of the account.If you learn them hard pronunciation and writing, the further digital series no longer seem somewhat confusing and difficult to remember.Understand the general principle, you can easily master the whole system.Here are the ordinal numbers in English sequentially from 0 to 10:
- zero - zero;
- one - one;
- two - two;
- three - three;
- four - four;
- five - five;
- six - six;
- seven - seven;
- eight - eight;
- nine - nine;
- ten - ten.
Take the time to pay attention to and remembering how lasting oral and written form of words.This will help you navigate the future number series.
Score between 11 and 19
continue to dive into the world of cardinal numbers.In the interval from 11 to 19, they are formed by a single scheme.There are only two exceptions to be firmly memorize, just as you did with the numbers from 0 to 10. Note:
- eleven - eleven;
- twelve - twelve.
Next comes into action a general principle to the basis of cardinal numbers in the interval 3-9 joins the suffix -teen.The result:
- thirteen - thirteen;
- fourteen - fourteen;
- fifteen - fifteen;
- sixteen - sixteen;
- seventeen - seventeen;
- eighteen - eighteen;
- nineteen - nineteen.
Please note that the pronunciation of the numbers 13 and 15 is significantly different from 3 and 5.
few dozen
Now it's time to learn how to form, spoken and written English numerals to 100. The formation of words,denoting integers tens, also operates the general scheme.It consists in adding the suffix -ty already known to you the basics:
- twenty - twenty;
- thirty - thirty;
- forty - forty;
- fifty - fifty;
- sixty - sixty;
- seventy - seventy;
- eighty - eighty;
- ninety - ninety.
and separately allocated ordinal number "one hundred» - hundred.Note also the special writing of numbers 40.
Parse complex numerals
Now we will learn to count in sequence, using the tens and units.The principle here is simple: combine two words together.First, it is the one that indicates the number of tens, and after talking a figure that expresses the number of units.It recorded a composite number with a hyphen.Examples:
- 27 - twenty-seven;
- 39 - thirty-nine;
- 41 - forty-one;
- 54 - fifty-four;
- 68 - sixty-eight;
- 73 - seventy-three;
- 82 - eighty-two;
- 95 - ninety-five.
Separately need to tell you about the cardinal numbers in English, containing the words "one hundred", "thousand" and "million".In this case, everything works the same system connecting several numerals.You can add the word "and» (and), which is usually done in British English.The American version of the language does not use the union in this case.Examples:
- 178 - one hundred (and) seventy-eight;
- 3941 - three thousand nine hundred (and) forty-one;
- 1400562 - one million four hundred thousand five hundred (and) sixty-two.
understand and internalize the general principle, you can easily read even long and complex numbers.
as a way of ordinal numbers in English
After some practice you will be it is not difficult to call a foreign language or any number of the number of items.Thoroughly trained on cardinal numbers, you can move on to the development of order.
They represent special words for the order of items in the bill.To form the majority of them it is easy enough to attach the corresponding cardinal number suffix -th.If the number of composite (twenty-three hundred and fifty, and so on. N.), The suffix is added to the last word.In addition, before the ordinal numbers usually put the definite article the.Understand this most easily by way of example:
- tenth - the tenth;
- sixteenth - the sixteenth;
- forty-seventh - the forty-seventh;
- hundred eighth - the one hundred eighth.
using ordinal numbers in English, you should keep a few exceptions to the rule.They are composed in the language of the historically and now represent a stable form that you just need to memorize:
- first - the first;
- second - the second;
- third - the third;
- fifth - the fifth;
- ninth - the ninth;
- twelfth - the twelfth.
In the latter two cases, attention should be paid mainly on the written form of the numeral and not verbal.
Read dates in English
numerical designation of the year may be some difficulty for those who do not know how to read it.A common mistake made by many beginners to learn a foreign language - is an attempt to read the date as it is.In fact, you need to break the four-digit number into two double and pronounce them separately.
For example, 1856 is easy to read: eighteen fifty six (eighteen - fifty-six).Another example: in 1612 reads like a sixteen twelve (sixteen - and twelve).
task a little more complicated with dates such as 1902, 1508 and so on.. In these cases, do so: zero recite not a zero, and as the letter o [əu].
- 1902 - nineteen o two;
- 1508 - fifteen o eight.
peculiar way to read the date that marks the beginning of a century.In such cases, the word "hundred» (hundred).Examples:
- 1200 - twelve hundred;
- 1500 - fifteen hundred;
- 1900 - nineteen hundred.
If you want to name the year presented three-valued figure, follow this pattern:
- 469 - four hundred sixty-nine;
- 983 - nine hundred eighty-three.
In this case, a simple rule is valid: is it called the number you see.
If your date refers to the tenth century, then use the words "one thousand» (one hundred):
- 1024 - one hundred (and) twenty-four;
- 1009 - one hundred o nine.
Because humanity has long overstepped the boundary between the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, and the date containing the words "two thousand", are used in the speech of people increasingly.For example:
- 2000 - two thousand;
- 2006 - two thousand (and) six.
In recent years, a new trend.Dates, starting from 2010, can be read two ways: with the words "two thousand" or a classic, with a breakdown by two-digit numbers.For example:
- 2015 - two thousand (and) fifteen, or twenty fifteen;
- 2027 - two thousand (and) twenty seven, or twenty twenty-seven.
Read fractional numerals
When reading fractions used a separate system.It is not particularly difficult if it closely to understand.
Ordinary fractions are pronounced as follows: the numerator as the cardinal number, and the denominator - how ordinal.For example:
- 1/5 - a (one) fifth;
- 1/42 - a (one) forty-second;
- 1/100 - a (one) hundredth.
Separately allocated a special word for the denominator: "Half» (half), «a third» (third) and "quarter» (quarter).The latter concept is synonymous with the fourth and apply them on an equal basis.Examples:
- 1/2 - a (one) half;
- 1/3 - a (one) third;
- 1/4 - a (one) quarter (fourth).
In cases where the numerator is greater than one, is added to the denominator of the plural -s.For example:
- 2/5 - two fifths;
- 7/10 - seven tenths.
If fractional numeral there is a whole part, it must be called separately without forgetting the word "and» (and):
- 5 1/2 - five and a half;
- 1 2/40 - one and two fortieth.
When recording decimal point is used (point) instead of the usual point in the Russian language:
- 0.5 - (zero) point five;
- 2.6 - two point six.
In the British English made difficult to say the number digit by digit, like so: 5.293 - five point two nine three.
Check yourself and practice
to successfully master this topic, you must do the exercises on numerals.English, like any other language, you can not learn by simply reading theory.Always apply this knowledge in practice, because they are faster and stronger than assimilate.
Today, you can find lots of oral and written assignments, as well as interactive tests, where the sentence passed item and invited to choose from the available options.Such exercises are effective, but in large quantities causes boredom.Diversify your training to include the game exercises (English).On numerals have a lot of games.For example, you can find a partner who will throw you the ball, calling a numeral in Russian, and you have to answer in English.Further, the game can be complicated to the phrases: "fifty-six trees", "half of the pie" and so on. N.
interesting to play Bingo numeric.Players draw a square with six cells, each writing one number (better to agree in advance on the digital gap, which is conducted within the game).Then the leader calls arbitrary numerals in English.If the squared one of the players is such a figure, it will be crossed out.The winner is the one who first leading guessed all the numbers.
"English numerals" - a simple theme, which can be exciting even if its study to be creative and to the elements of the game.
