What's inside the human body from the inside, with the most people interested in antiquity.Even when the basic laws by which people lived, were the church prohibiting study the structure of the body, were scientists and naturalists, who in spite of all autopsied bodies of animals and humans and has been considering and studying all the interested parts.
thirst for knowledge in this area could not be overcome.Therefore, with the passage of time yet it has been revealed how the human body is arranged.Schematic drawing of each organ system and have been recorded by artists, testers, doctors, academics, because of this any multiple science available today.
development of knowledge about the structure of the human body
in the V century BC in the craton was a man named Alkemon.It was he who first expressed a desire to study the internal structure of living organisms, so dissecting dead animals.His main achievement - this assumption about the relationship between the sense organs and the brain.
Later, around 460 BC, begins a more deliberate and intensive development of knowledge in this area.A great contribution to the understanding of what the human body (the scheme of its structure, topography and internal organs have been described), made the following scholars:
- Hippocrates.
- Aristotle.
- Plato.
- Gerofil.
- Claudius Galen.
- Avicenna.
- Leonardo da Vinci.
- Andreas Vesalius.
- William Harvey.
- Casparo Azelli.
Thanks to these people a common framework for the structure of the human body.There knowledge of functional features, systems, organs, tissues and their significance, as well as other very important things.
XVII century for all the sciences was a period of stagnation, is not spared and the area is considered by us.But later, the scheme of the human body (Figure you can see below) greatly enriched, refined and transformed thanks to numerous discoveries.A new technique allows us to study the microstructure of steel extensively used methods of experiment, observation, comparison.The special contribution made by:
- Darwin;
- Schleiden and Schwann;
- Descartes;
- Lomonosov;
- Protasov;
- Shymlanskaya;
- Pies;
- Lesgaft;
- Mukhin;
- Carl Baer;
- Wolf;
- Pander;
- section;
- Mechnikov;
- Pavlov and others.
thus been studied in detail the human body, the scheme was a complete and reflects all the organs and systems.Today, any schoolchild can be considered as the topography, and a detailed description of each part of the body to examine the functions performed and internal structure.
general scheme of "man - living organism"
If we talk about such a scheme, it should be noted, what exactly it contains.Firstly, it can be provided in various embodiments.Some are drawings and diagrams contain only verbal descriptions, classification of the internal structures of the human reflect their relationship and functions.Others, however, do not contain definitions, but simply illustrate the topographic location of the organs in the body, show their mutual orientation, the general plan of the building.Here are recorded and organ systems.If you combine both, such a scheme will be too cumbersome, difficult to understand.Most often used the second type.
Therefore the scheme "man - living organism" includes an image of the following body systems (if available the full version of the whole body):
- Cardiovascular and limfoobrazovatelnaya.Here in detail the scheme of human bodies and channels.
- digestive system.
- Musculoskeletal, or musculoskeletal.
- Reproductive.
- excretory (genitourinary system called combined reproductive and excretory organs).
- nervous and endocrine systems.
- Touch or senses and perception.
Thus, this scheme provides detailed information on the structure of the human body and the location of its organs.Also, there are many different tables and figures, diagrams, which reflect the detailed microstructure of any organ.It describes all the features of the structure, functioning and location.
If you combine all of these figures, you get a whole book.Such publications are called "Human Biology in tables and charts" and often greatly simplify the life of pupils, students and teachers.For them briefly, concisely and clearly set out all the basics needed for a general idea about the structure of people.
System lymph formation
special role in maintaining the health of the human body plays an immunity.But what is it?It turns out that this is the lymph system, which is an important complement of cardiovascular organs.It includes - cells, called "cells."They play the role of defender of the biological body from viruses and bacteria, foreign particles and all foreign.
human lymphatic system, a diagram of which is shown below, has a number of structures of its components:
- Trunks and ducts.
- capillaries.
- vessels.
- lymph nodes.
Together they form a network, which is an open, as opposed to the cardiovascular.Also, in this system there is no central governing body.The lymphatic fluid (lymph) is a waste product of the intercellular space, which under mild pressure moves through the vessels and nodes, capillaries, trunks.
During the disease, such as a cold, everyone can experience swollen lymph nodes of the organism.They are under the lower jaw, armpits, groin area.Probe them quite easily.This confirms the fact that it takes place in them the main struggle with the disease.Thus, the main barrier to the disease - the human lymphatic system.Driving it shows how all the structural parts are located and how they are interrelated.
digestive system
One of the most important in the body.After all, it is thanks to her work a person receives nutrients for growth, development, energy for life processes.Without nutrients impossible to move, grow, think and so on.For each process requires energy, which is in the chemical bonds of nutrient molecules.
Diagram showing the human digestive system, from which the sum of this network.
- oral cavity, including the teeth, tongue, palate and the inside of the cheek muscle.
- pharynx and esophagus.
- stomach.
- digestive glands secreting secrets to digest food.
- intestine, which consists of several departments: the duodenum, small intestine and colon.
Cardiovascular
are two circulation, consisting of the main body - the heart - and the waste from his arteries, blood vessels, the capillaries.The total blood volume of an adult is approximately 5 liters.However, the figure varies depending on body weight.
Heart - a central authority capable of rhythmically to shrink, pushing blood into the channel at a certain pressure.It consists of four chambers, closely interconnected.
human nervous system
One of the most difficult.It consists of:
- brain;
- spinal cord;
- nerve cells;
- tissues.
Virtually every piece of the human body are nerve cells.They perceive stimuli, transmit pain, warning of the danger.Their structure is quite peculiar.Brain and spinal cord comprise a number of sections, each of which carries out a careful control over the operation of any part of the body.
Sensor Systems
are such we can distinguish five:
- Visual Analyzer.
- hearing.
- musculocutaneous sensitivity.
- olfactory organs.
- Taste Analyzer.
All of them together and make up the human body.Diagram of the structure shows what parts develops sensory system, which features in the structure is and what functions are performed.
human excretory system
The structure of the system consists of the following organs:
- kidney;
- bladder;
- ureters.
Another name for this system - excretory.The main function - removal of products of metabolism, relieve the body of toxic waste products.
science that studies the human body
are such we can highlight a few basic.Although their number is significantly increased in comparison with, for example, from the XVIII century.It is such sciences as:
- anatomy;
- physiology;
- hygiene;
- genetics;
- medicine;
- psychology.
Physiology to address the question of functioning of a system.That is her job to answer the question: "How is this happening?"For example, it is the discipline considered changing mechanisms of sleep and wakefulness, especially studied higher nervous activity.
Genetics and Human Health
Genetics is studying the mechanisms of inheritance of certain traits, as well as the causes and consequences of changes in the human chromosome apparatus.Through this science people have learned to predict severe genetic abnormalities in fetal development, control the process and, if possible, to intervene and change the course.
Health helps answer the question: "Why is the cleanliness and how to achieve health?"This science describes in detail the rules for cleanliness of the body, about the importance of this process, on the mechanisms of immunity, which are directly dependent on the index of cleanliness, level of bacteria and viruses.This discipline is relatively young, but no less important than anyone else.
Psychology and Medicine
Psychology - very complicated and delicate science of penetrating consciousness and higher nervous activity of the human being.It is designed to explain the basic mechanisms of psychosomatic devices people.There are a number of sections of psychology, which deal with all social issues relating to people (psychology of family relations, age, experimental and so on).
Medicine - the most important science that deals with human health.Naturally, it is closely bordered with all other disciplines: physiology, anatomy, genetics, hygiene and psychology.
Basic Medicine originated with humanity.Because, unfortunately, people are always sick.At all times, next to them were bacteria and viruses, hereditary (genetic) diseases and other ailments.Therefore, this science - one of the most important when it comes to preserving life and health.
There are many sections, folding into a whole medicine: surgery, oncology, hematology, physicians, dermatology, traumatology and others.All of them are highly specialized on specific issues, have their own methods of studying the problem and resolve it.
In general, all the sciences studying the human body are one.It brings together their common goal - to study, to consider, to explain all the parts of the body, learn how to manage every organ and every cell of the body.
Anatomy as the main science
course, the first, historically constituted the science of man and its structure - it is anatomy.It is thanks to the development of this discipline, people became aware of what authorities have in the human body, where they are located (topography) is arranged and the principles on which their work is based.
Above we considered the major historical milestones in the development of knowledge about the person.This is the stages of development of anatomy.Those whose names were mentioned - the founders and fathers of this huge and important discipline.
task anatomy has always been one at all times - to study the internal structure and external morphological features of all organs and systems, as well as fabrics.Not for nothing in Greek anatome - "cut".
