scientific theory represents the highest form of the formation of scientific knowledge.This highest form of giving a holistic view of the essential relationships and patterns of a particular study area a reality.
scientific theory is presented with the approval system, logically interrelated.Construction knowledge it is carried out with the use of evidence mechanism.A scientific theory embodies a specific research program, which ensures its integrity, presenting it as a single system containing knowledge.Methodological point of view stipulates that the system should seek to maximize adequately and fully describe the situation output, while maintaining the integrity and internal consistency.
scientific theory involves a number of components.These include, in particular, the empirical basis (derived from the facts of the experiment), theoretical framework (laws and postulates employed in the description of idealized objects).In addition, a system of logic (principles and rules of evidence and inference), and a set of results and statements.
Scientific theories have different nature of tasks.Different methods and types of construction and ongoing processes.At the same time different forms and types of idealization idealized objects and match different types of scientific theories.In this regard, there is a classification system according to which scientific theories are divided into deductive, descriptive and mathematized.
to descriptive (empirical) systems include, for example, the theory of evolution put forward by Darwin, Pavlov's physiological system.In the same category included and linguistic theory in the traditional sense, most of the modern theories of psychology and others.In accordance with numerous experimental data, these knowledge systems describe a specific group of phenomena and objects.It allows to deduce the general laws that form the basis of the theory.As a rule, descriptive system formulated a simple natural language using a special terminology of the respective areas of expertise.
mathematize theory different active involvement of the mathematical apparatus and models.The model is a design of an ideal object, which replaces and provides some specific real object.For this type of theory applies mathematical linguistics, genetics, theoretical physics.
third type are deductive systems.The need for their construction appeared due to existing problems in mathematical reasoning.The first deductive theory include "Beginnings" of Euclid.They are built on the basis of the axiomatic principle.These scientific theories drawn up in several stages.First formulated in the original, the original base.Then allegations are to be obtained from this base.Applied to the theory of logical deductive tools strictly fixed, the evidence is built on the basis of these instruments.These systems are especially in formalized language.
scientific concept created in accordance with certain requirements.Must be present adequately describe the object, the fullness of the study describe the scope of reality.An essential condition is that the relationship of the different components corresponding to the data of experience.
Applying the methods of scientific analysis, the researchers not only create the object descriptions in the relevant subject area, but also to explain their function, structure, composition, genesis.
In respect of any system can be used certain justification procedure (falsification, verification, etc.).As a rule, they are bound to criticize the theoretical basis.
